Commodity prices are influenced by a complex interaction of economic, financial, environmental, and geopolitical factors, making them highly dynamic and sometimes volatile. One of the most fundamental determinants of commodity prices is the principle of demand and supply. When demand for a commodity exceeds its supply, prices tend to rise, whereas excess supply leads to price declines. For example, the price of crude oil often increases when global economic activity expands, as industrial production and transportation demand more fuel. Conversely, during economic slowdowns, such as the COVID-19 pandemic period, oil demand dropped sharply, causing prices to fall dramatically, even turning negative for a brief period in futures markets due to storage constraints. Seasonal variations also play a significant role, particularly in agricultural commodities. Crops such as wheat, corn, sugar, and cotton are subject to seasonal production cycles, and prices fluctuate depending on planting and harvesting periods. Weather conditions are closely linked with seasonality, as adverse climatic events such as droughts, floods, cyclones, or unseasonal rainfall can reduce crop output and push prices upward. For instance, poor monsoon rainfall in India often leads to lower agricultural output, causing increases in the prices of pulses and food grains. Similarly, frost conditions in Brazil, a major coffee producer, can significantly impact global coffee prices due to reduced supply expectations. Government policies and regulations are another major factor influencing commodity prices. Policies such as subsidies, export-import restrictions, tariffs, minimum support prices (MSP), and stock limits directly affect supply availability and market sentiment. For example, when governments impose export bans on essential commodities like wheat or rice to ensure domestic availability, international prices may rise due to reduced global supply. On the other hand, subsidies on fertilizers or fuel can reduce production costs, indirectly affecting commodity pricing structures. Monetary policies also influence commodity prices through interest rates and currency movements. Lower interest rates often encourage investment in commodities as alternative assets, while higher rates may reduce speculative demand. Currency exchange rates significantly impact commodity prices, especially for globally traded