Question
Discuss in detail Environmental Impact Assessment Processes in India with suitable examples.
Answer :
Word Count : 536
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India is a systematic process used to evaluate the potential environmental consequences of proposed development projects before they are carried out. It aims to ensure that economic development is balanced with environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources. The process is governed primarily by the EIA Notification of 2006 issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, which provides a legal framework for assessing environmental impacts of various projects such as mining, industries, infrastructure, and urban development. The EIA process in India begins with screening, where projects are classified into Category A and Category B based on their scale and potential environmental impact. Category A projects, such as large thermal power plants and major highways, are appraised at the central level by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), while Category B projects are handled at the state level by the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). For example, large hydropower projects in the Himalayan region fall under Category A due to their significant ecological implications. The next stage is scoping, which involves identifying key
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