Blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed digital ledger system that records transactions across multiple computers in a secure, transparent, and immutable manner. Unlike traditional centralized databases managed by a single authority, blockchain operates through a peer-to-peer network where every participant maintains a copy of the ledger. Each transaction is grouped into a block, and blocks are linked together using cryptographic hashes, forming a chain that is resistant to unauthorized modifications. Blockchain has emerged as one of the most significant innovations in information and cyber security due to its ability to ensure trust, integrity, and transparency without relying on intermediaries. A blockchain consists of several essential components, including transactions, blocks, nodes, cryptographic hashing, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts. Transactions represent the exchange of information or digital assets. These transactions are verified by network participants and grouped into blocks. Every block contains a timestamp, transaction details, and the cryptographic hash of the previous block, ensuring continuity and preventing tampering. Nodes are computers participating in the blockchain network by validating and storing copies of the ledger. Consensus mechanisms such as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) enable all participants to agree on the validity of transactions without