The Non-Cooperation Movement was one of the most significant mass movements in the history of India’s freedom struggle. Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, it marked a major turning point by transforming the Indian national movement from an elite-based political struggle into a broad-based mass movement. The movement was initiated in response to several political developments, including the repressive policies of the British government, the Rowlatt Act of 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat issue. Gandhi believed that British rule in India survived because of Indian cooperation, and therefore, withdrawing this cooperation would weaken colonial authority. The Non-Cooperation Movement introduced a new method of political struggle based on non-violence and peaceful resistance. Gandhi appealed to Indians to boycott government institutions, foreign goods, titles, and services. The programme included the surrender of government-awarded titles, boycott of legislative councils, refusal to attend government schools and colleges, boycott of British courts, promotion of khadi and swadeshi goods, and peaceful non-payment of taxes in selected areas. The movement encouraged Indians to become self-reliant and challenge the economic and political foundations of colonial rule. One of the most important impacts of the Non-Cooperation Movement was the expansion of the Indian national movement among common people. Before this movement, the freedom struggle was largely limited to educated Indians, political leaders, and urban groups. The Non-Cooperation Movement brought peasants, workers, students, women, traders, and people from different social and religious communities into active participation. It created a sense of political awareness among millions of Indians and made independence a popular national objective. The movement played a major role in developing national consciousness. People began to understand that British rule was not permanent and could be challenged through collective action.