Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, in the 6th–5th century BCE in the Gangetic plains of northern India, represents a major religious and philosophical tradition in ancient Bharat. Its core principles emerged as a response to the ritualistic and hierarchical practices of the Vedic tradition, emphasizing personal spiritual development, ethical conduct, and insight into the nature of existence. One of the fundamental doctrines of Buddhism is the concept of the Four Noble Truths. These truths provide a framework for understanding human suffering and the path to liberation. The first truth, *Dukkha*, asserts that all conditioned existence is inherently unsatisfactory, encompassing physical pain, mental anguish, and the impermanence of worldly pleasures. The second truth, *Samudaya*, identifies craving or desire (*tanha*) as the primary cause of suffering, emphasizing attachment to sensory experiences, egoistic pursuits, and ignorance of reality. The third truth, *Nirodha*, offers hope by asserting that the cessation of suffering is possible through the elimination of