Question
Describe the biochemical basis of blood group antigens and their importance in blood transfusion.
Answer :
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Blood group antigens are specific biochemical molecules present on the surface of red blood cells, mainly composed of carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids, forming glycoproteins and glycolipids. These antigens are genetically determined and vary among individuals. The ABO blood group system is based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens, which are formed by the addition of specific sugar residues to a precursor substance called the H antigen. In individuals with blood group A, the enzyme glycosyltransferase adds N-acetylgalactosamine to the H antigen, while in blood group B, the enzyme adds galactose. In
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