Carrying capacity is a concept originally derived from ecology, which refers to the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support sustainably without causing degradation to the ecosystem. In the context of tourism, carrying capacity has been adapted to measure the maximum number of tourists or visitors that a destination can accommodate at a given time without leading to environmental, social, or economic problems. It is a critical concept in tourism management, as it provides a framework to ensure that tourism development remains sustainable and that the natural, cultural, and social resources of a destination are not overexploited. The concept of carrying capacity in tourism can be broken down into several dimensions: physical, ecological, social, and psychological carrying capacities. Physical carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of visitors that a site or facility can handle at a particular time without overcrowding or causing congestion. For example, a national park trail may only safely accommodate a certain number of hikers per day to prevent accidents and wear on the trail. Ecological carrying capacity relates to the impact of tourism on natural resources and the environment. It measures the level at which tourism activity can occur without causing significant degradation to ecosystems, such as soil erosion, deforestation, pollution of water bodies, or disturbance to wildlife habitats. Social carrying capacity addresses the effects of tourism on local communities, culture, and social life. When the number of tourists exceeds the local population’s tolerance, it may result in conflicts, cultural dilution, or disruption of daily life. Psychological carrying capacity considers the perception of tourists themselves; overcrowding or overuse of a destination may reduce the satisfaction and experience of visitors. A site