Mechanization refers to the application of machinery, tools, and modern technologies to perform various tasks that were traditionally carried out manually or with the help of animals. In the context of agriculture, mechanization involves the use of equipment such as tractors, harvesters, seed drills, irrigation pumps, threshers, and drones to improve productivity, efficiency, and timeliness of agricultural operations. Mechanization not only reduces the physical burden on farmers but also facilitates large-scale and intensive cultivation, better land management, and improved agricultural outputs. In India, agriculture has historically been labor-intensive and dependent on traditional methods involving human labor and draught animals. However, with population growth, urban expansion, climate change, and increasing demand for food, there is an urgent need to adopt sustainable and efficient agricultural practices, particularly in peri-urban and rural-urban interface zones. Mechanization plays a key role in addressing these challenges. Mechanization in Indian agriculture has evolved in phases, beginning during the Green Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s, which saw the introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops, along with fertilizers and irrigation. As part of this revolution, farm mechanization gained momentum with the use of tractors and threshers. These tools helped increase production and reduced the time and labor needed for harvesting, sowing, and irrigation. The Government of India has played a significant role in promoting agricultural mechanization through policies, subsidies, and institutions. The establishment of the Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institutes (FMTTIs), and schemes such as the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM), aim to enhance farm productivity through access to modern technology. Under these initiatives, farmers, especially small and marginal ones, are encouraged to adopt machinery suitable to their scale of operation. However, the pattern of mechanization in India is uneven due to variations in landholding size, geographical terrain, socio-economic factors, and regional disparities. States like Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh have achieved high levels of mechanization due to large farm sizes, flat terrain, and better irrigation facilities. In contrast, Eastern and North-Eastern states lag behind due to fragmented landholdings, hilly terrain, and infrastructural constraints. Mechanization significantly impacts ecological and environmental systems. On one hand, it increases productivity, reduces post-harvest losses, and allows timely sowing and harvesting, which can reduce vulnerability to extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change. On the other hand, unregulated mechanization may lead to environmental degradation, such as over-extraction of groundwater due to pump sets, increased fossil fuel consumption from tractors and harvesters, and pollution from crop residue burning using mechanized harvesters like combine machines. One of the pressing environmental