Information literacy refers to the ability to recognize when information is needed, to locate, evaluate, and effectively use that information in various contexts. It encompasses a set of cognitive and practical skills that enable individuals to critically assess sources, understand the structure of information systems, and apply information ethically and efficiently. In today’s digital age, information literacy is not limited to traditional print sources; it extends to digital media, online databases, social platforms, and a variety of multimedia content. The core of information literacy lies in empowering learners to navigate the vast and complex landscape of digital information, discerning between reliable and unreliable sources, and synthesizing knowledge to support learning, decision-making, and problem-solving. In digital and online learning environments, information literacy skills are essential because learners are constantly exposed to vast amounts of data, often with varying degrees of credibility. Online platforms, social media, academic databases, and open-access resources provide both opportunities and challenges for knowledge acquisition. Information literacy equips learners to filter this abundance, distinguishing high-quality, peer-reviewed, or credible content from misinformation, biased narratives, or poorly sourced materials. It enables learners to ask critical questions such as who created the information, what is the purpose, what evidence supports it, and whether it is current and relevant. Without these skills, learners risk accepting inaccurate information, forming misconceptions, or failing to engage in informed discussions, which undermines the learning process. Moreover, digital media literacy, a related concept, emphasizes understanding the tools, platforms, and media forms through which information is communicated. In online learning, this means not only evaluating text-based sources but also assessing videos, infographics, podcasts, blogs, and interactive content. Learners with strong information literacy skills can identify manipulative elements, recognize sponsorship or advertising biases, and evaluate the credibility of multimedia presentations. For example, a student analyzing a YouTube video for a research project can discern whether the content is supported by evidence, whether the creator has expertise, and whether the information aligns with other credible sources. This critical approach is crucial in preventing the spread of misinformation and ensuring that learners build accurate, evidence-based understanding. Information literacy also enhances learners’ research and academic skills in digital environments. Online learning often requires independent exploration of topics, participation in discussion forums, and submission of digital assignments. Information-literate learners are adept at using search engines, online libraries, academic journals, and databases to gather relevant information. They understand how to formulate effective search queries, utilize Boolean operators, apply filters, and access specialized resources to retrieve credible content. This skill set allows learners to