The relationship between modernity and nature is a central concern in environmental sociology, as it highlights the tensions between societal progress and ecological sustainability. Modernity, characterized by industrialization, technological advancement, urbanization, and rationalization, has transformed human interaction with the natural environment. These transformations, while driving economic growth and social development, have often led to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Environmental sociologists argue that modernity produces a distinct ecological crisis because it frames nature primarily as a resource to be controlled, exploited, and commodified for human benefit. One key aspect of modernity is the separation of society from nature. Classical sociologists, such as Max Weber and Emile Durkheim, emphasized the rationalization and bureaucratization inherent in modern societies, which extend to the management of natural resources. Nature