The concentric zone theory, also known as the Burgess model, is a foundational framework in urban geography that attempts to explain the spatial structure of cities. Proposed by Ernest W. Burgess in the 1920s, the theory is based on empirical observations of Chicago, suggesting that urban areas develop in a series of concentric rings radiating out from a central business district (CBD). According to the model, each ring represents a distinct type of land use, shaped by social, economic, and functional factors. The innermost zone is the CBD, characterized by high land values, commercial activities, and administrative functions. Surrounding this is the transitional zone, often occupied by deteriorating housing, light industry, and new immigrant populations seeking affordable accommodation. Beyond this lies the zone of working-class homes, consisting mainly of stable residential neighborhoods with modest housing. Further out is the zone of better residences, typically inhabited by middle-class families seeking larger homes and quieter environments. The outermost ring, the commuter zone, accommodates those who can afford to live farther from the city center, relying on transportation