Contemporary agrarian movements in India have emerged as powerful expressions of resistance to the exploitative and uneven consequences of capitalist development in rural areas. These movements are multifaceted, responding to the contradictions in the agrarian sector which have been exacerbated by globalization, neoliberal policies, and the rapid shift towards capitalist modes of production. The movements draw attention to the growing disparity between agrarian communities and capital, particularly in terms of land ownership, access to resources, and the increasing marginalization of small-scale farmers. In the post-independence period, agrarian movements in India were largely centered around issues of land reform, the abolition of feudal practices, and the redistribution of land to the landless and marginal farmers. These movements, such as the Telangana peasant struggle (1946-51), the Tebhaga movement (1946), and the Bhoodan movement (1951-63), were driven by the need for social justice and economic equality in rural areas. The success of the Green Revolution in the 1960s, which aimed to increase agricultural productivity, marked a turning point. While it led to an increase in food production, it also deepened the dependence of Indian agriculture on chemical inputs, mechanization, and capital-intensive techniques, which favored wealthier farmers and further excluded the poor. By the late 20th century, the process of liberalization, privatization, and globalization, especially since the 1990s, significantly altered the agrarian landscape. The structural adjustments that accompanied these policies prioritized agricultural exports, reduced subsidies, and opened up Indian markets to international competition. This led to the consolidation of agricultural land in the hands of large corporate players, while small farmers struggled with falling prices, rising input costs, and debt. The neoliberal reforms also promoted the privatization of water resources, land, and seeds, often at the expense of the rural poor. These changes brought forth a new phase of agrarian movements, characterized by a distinct set of contradictions. A central contradiction lies in the increasing commercialization and marketization of agriculture. While the state and agribusinesses have promoted the idea of 'modernization' through technology and large-scale farming, small farmers, who still constitute the backbone of India’s agricultural economy, are being pushed to the margins. The increasing reliance on contract farming and the corporatization of agriculture