Semi-compaction vehicles and compaction vehicles are widely used in municipal solid waste management systems to improve the efficiency of collection and transportation processes. Both types of vehicles aim to reduce waste volume, enhance loading capacity, and minimize transportation frequency; however, they differ significantly in design, working mechanisms, operational efficiency, cost implications, and suitability for different waste management scenarios. Understanding these differences is essential for municipalities and waste management agencies when selecting appropriate equipment for specific urban or rural conditions. Semi-compaction vehicles are designed with partial compression mechanisms that reduce waste volume to a moderate extent during loading and transportation. These vehicles usually consist of an open or semi-closed container with a mechanical pressing plate or hydraulic system that compresses waste lightly. The primary objective is to increase carrying capacity without imposing excessive pressure on the waste materials or requiring highly complex machinery. Waste is typically loaded manually or with simple mechanical aids, making these vehicles suitable for areas where waste segregation occurs at the source or where fragile recyclable materials must remain relatively intact. The level of compaction achieved is lower compared to fully compacting vehicles, resulting in moderate payload increases and reduced operational complexity. In contrast, compaction vehicles are equipped with advanced hydraulic systems that exert significant pressure on collected waste to achieve maximum volume reduction. These vehicles are usually fully enclosed and include mechanisms such as packer plates, ram systems, or rotating drums that compress waste into dense masses. The high compaction ratio enables the transportation of larger quantities of waste in a single trip, thereby reducing fuel