Critical Theory is a philosophical and interdisciplinary approach that seeks not only to interpret society but also to transform it by identifying and challenging structures of domination, inequality, and oppression. It emerged primarily from the Frankfurt School in the early twentieth century through the works of thinkers such as Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, and later Jürgen Habermas. Unlike traditional theory, which focuses on describing and explaining social reality, Critical Theory aims at emancipation by exposing hidden power relations and ideological distortions. A central feature of Critical Theory is its critique of ideology. It argues that dominant beliefs, values, and institutions often serve the interests of