Rapid urbanization has intensified disaster risks in cities, making urban planning a critical component of effective disaster management. One of the most important issues is land-use planning. Unplanned settlements, encroachment on floodplains, and construction in seismic or coastal hazard zones increase vulnerability. Effective zoning regulations, enforcement of building codes, and the integration of hazard maps into development planning are essential to minimize exposure to natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, and cyclones. Infrastructure resilience is another major concern. Urban systems including transportation, water supply, electricity, drainage, and communication networks must be designed to withstand extreme events. Poorly constructed roads, weak bridges, and inadequate drainage systems often lead to severe disruptions during disasters. Urban planners must prioritize resilient infrastructure, promote redundancy in critical systems, and ensure regular maintenance to reduce the risk of cascading failures during emergencies. Housing quality and informal settlements present significant challenges. Many urban residents live in slums or densely populated areas with substandard housing and limited access to basic