Neurons are the basic units that make up the nervous system. All cells of the nervous system are made of neurons. Neurons are able to transmit electrical impulses throughout the body as signals that cause a response. There are three types of neurons known as motor, sensory or interneurons. Motor neurons transmit information between organs, glands and muscles. Sensory neurons send information to the brain and spinal cord from internal organs or external stimuli encountered by the parts of the body. Interneurons act as messengers that relate signals between motor and sensory neurons.

The brain is the control center of the body. The brain is typically considered to have three main parts: the forebrain, the hindbrain and the brain stem. The forebrain receives and processes sensory information such as thinking, understanding and producing language and motor functions. The forebrain consists of the thalamus, the hypothalamus, cerebrum and cerebral cortex.

The hindbrain has parts known as the pons,

cerebellum and medulla oblongata.