Question
सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक मानवविज्ञान के विषयक्षेत्र तथा इसकी प्रासंगिकता का व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 868
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सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक मानवविज्ञान मानव समाजों, उनकी संस्कृति, सामाजिक संगठन, परंपराओं, रीति-रिवाजों, विश्वासों, मूल्यों तथा जीवन-शैली के वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन का विषय है। यह मानव जीवन के सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक पक्षों का तुलनात्मक, विश्लेषणात्मक और समग्र अध्ययन करता है। इसका उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि विभिन्न समाज किस प्रकार संगठित होते हैं, उनकी संस्कृति कैसे विकसित होती है, सामाजिक संबंध किस प्रकार निर्मित होते हैं तथा समय के साथ उनमें किस प्रकार परिवर्तन आते हैं। सामाजिक मानवविज्ञान मुख्यतः सामाजिक संरचना, संस्थाओं और संबंधों पर बल देता है, जबकि सांस्कृतिक मानवविज्ञान संस्कृति, परंपराओं, मान्यताओं, भाषा, कला तथा प्रतीकों का अध्ययन करता है। आधुनिक समय में दोनों के अध्ययन क्षेत्र इतने अधिक परस्पर जुड़े हुए हैं कि इन्हें संयुक्त रूप से सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक मानवविज्ञान कहा जाता है। सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक मानवविज्ञान का विषयक्षेत्र अत्यंत व्यापक है। इसका प्रमुख क्षेत्र परिवार, विवाह तथा नातेदारी व्यवस्था का अध्ययन है। विभिन्न समाजों में विवाह की विविध प्रणालियाँ, परिवार के स्वरूप, वंशानुक्रम, उत्तराधिकार तथा रिश्तेदारी की संरचना का विश्लेषण इस विषय का महत्वपूर्ण भाग है। इसके माध्यम से यह समझा जाता है कि सामाजिक संबंधों का निर्माण किस प्रकार होता है तथा उनका सामाजिक जीवन पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है। यह विषय आर्थिक संगठन का भी
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