Question
राज्य के सम्बन्ध में उदारवादी तथा मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोणों के बीच मुख्य अंतर क्या हैं?
Answer :
Word Count : 1196
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Skip in 10
राज्य के सम्बन्ध में उदारवादी और मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोणों के बीच मूलभूत अंतर उनके राज्य, समाज और सत्ता की व्याख्या के तरीके में दिखाई देता है। उदारवादी दृष्टिकोण में राज्य को स्वतंत्र, तटस्थ और समाज के सभी व्यक्तियों के हितों की रक्षा करने वाला संस्थान माना जाता है। उदारवादियों का मानना है कि राज्य का मुख्य उद्देश्य नागरिकों की व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता और संपत्ति के अधिकारों की सुरक्षा करना है। इसके अनुसार, राज्य सत्ता का प्रयोग समाज में कानून और व्यवस्था बनाए रखने के लिए करता है और यह किसी विशेष वर्ग के पक्ष में नहीं होता। उदारवादी सोच में लोकतंत्र, कानूनी समानता, नागरिक अधिकार और संविधानिक शासन को प्रमुख माना जाता है। राज्य को समाज का सेवक और संरक्षक माना जाता है, जो अपने नागरिकों को उनके अधिकारों और स्वतंत्रताओं की रक्षा के लिए स्थापित किया गया है। उदारवादी दृष्टिकोण में यह भी माना जाता है कि व्यक्तियों के बीच समान अवसर सुनिश्चित करना राज्य का प्रमुख कर्तव्य है। इसके विपरीत, मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोण में राज्य को तटस्थ नहीं माना जाता, बल्कि इसे समाज में सत्ता और वर्ग संघर्ष का उपकरण माना जाता है। मार्क्सवाद के अनुसार राज्य मुख्य रूप से एक वर्ग के हितों की रक्षा करता है, विशेषकर पूँजीपति वर्ग या उस वर्ग के जो उत्पादन के साधनों पर नियंत्रण रखते हैं। मार्क्सवादी सोच के अनुसार राज्य का उद्भव और उसकी कार्यप्रणाली आर्थिक संरचना और उत्पादन के साधनों के स्वामित्व पर आधारित होती है। मार्क्सवाद में यह माना जाता है कि जब कोई वर्ग अन्य वर्ग को आर्थिक रूप से नियंत्रित करता है, तब राज्य भी उसी वर्ग की शक्ति को बनाए रखने और सामाजिक असमानता को कायम रखने का साधन बन जाता है। मार्क्सवाद
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