Question
भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था में ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों का योगदान एवं वर्तमान ग्रामीण परिदृश्य में ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था का विस्तार से वर्णन करें।
Answer :
Word Count : 1401
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भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था का आधार ग्रामीण क्षेत्र है, जहाँ देश की लगभग दो-तिहाई आबादी निवास करती है। भारत के सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक और राजनीतिक जीवन का केंद्र बिंदु ग्रामीण भारत ही रहा है। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के बाद से ही ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था को सुदृढ़ करने पर विशेष बल दिया गया है, क्योंकि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में कृषि, लघु उद्योग, कुटीर उद्योग और सेवा क्षेत्र के माध्यम से विशाल जनसंख्या को रोजगार और आजीविका प्राप्त होती है। ग्रामीण भारत केवल खाद्यान्न उत्पादन का केंद्र नहीं बल्कि यह भारत की आत्मा का प्रतीक भी है, जहाँ से राष्ट्रीय आय, श्रमशक्ति और उपभोक्ता बाजार का बड़ा हिस्सा आता है। भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था में ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों का योगदान बहुआयामी है। सर्वप्रथम कृषि क्षेत्र ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था की रीढ़ है। भारत में कुल कार्यबल का लगभग आधा भाग कृषि और उससे संबंधित क्रियाकलापों में लगा हुआ है। कृषि न केवल ग्रामीण परिवारों की जीविका का मुख्य साधन है, बल्कि यह औद्योगिक क्षेत्र को कच्चा माल, निर्यात के लिए उत्पाद और शहरी क्षेत्रों के लिए खाद्य पदार्थ भी उपलब्ध कराती है। गेहूँ, धान, दालें, गन्ना, कपास, चाय, कॉफी, मसाले आदि उत्पाद राष्ट्रीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय बाजार में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। इसके साथ ही पशुपालन, दुग्ध उत्पादन, मछली पालन और कृषि-आधारित उद्योग ग्रामीण आय का प्रमुख स्रोत हैं। राष्ट्रीय डेयरी विकास बोर्ड द्वारा श्वेत क्रांति के बाद से भारत विश्व में सबसे बड़ा दुग्ध उत्पादक देश बना, जिससे ग्रामीण आय में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई। ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों का योगदान केवल कृषि तक सीमित नहीं है। लघु, सूक्ष्म और कुटीर उद्योग ग्रामीण रोजगार और स्वावलंबन के महत्वपूर्ण आधार बने हैं। हथकरघा, मिट्टी के बर्तन, बढ़ईगीरी, लोहे के औजार, बांस उत्पाद, हस्तशिल्प आदि ग्रामीण कुटीर उद्योग ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था की विविधता और सांस्कृतिक परंपरा का प्रतीक हैं। सरकार ने ‘प्रधानमंत्री रोजगार सृजन कार्यक्रम’, ‘खादी एवं ग्रामोद्योग आयोग’, ‘ग्रामीण औद्योगिक पार्क’, और ‘स्टार्टअप इंडिया मिशन’ जैसी योजनाओं के माध्यम से ग्रामीण उद्यमिता को प्रोत्साहित किया
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