Question
ठोस अपशिष्ट की भौतिक और रासायनिक विशेषताएं क्या हैं ?
Answer :
Word Count : 832
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ठोस अपशिष्ट की भौतिक और रासायनिक विशेषताओं का अध्ययन ठोस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन की आधारशिला है, क्योंकि इन्हीं गुणों के आधार पर संग्रहण, परिवहन, प्रसंस्करण, पुनर्चक्रण तथा निपटान की उपयुक्त तकनीकों का चयन किया जाता है। ठोस अपशिष्ट की प्रकृति स्रोत, मौसम, सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्तर और उपभोग के पैटर्न के अनुसार बदलती रहती है, इसलिए इसकी विशेषताओं का वैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण आवश्यक होता है। भौतिक विशेषताओं में सबसे प्रमुख है संरचना (Composition)। ठोस अपशिष्ट में जैव अपघटनीय पदार्थ जैसे भोजन अवशेष, सब्जियों के छिलके, कागज, पत्तियाँ आदि तथा अजैव अपघटनीय पदार्थ जैसे प्लास्टिक, धातु, काँच, रबर आदि शामिल होते हैं। विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में इन घटकों का अनुपात भिन्न होता है। उदाहरणतः शहरी क्षेत्रों में प्लास्टिक और पैकेजिंग सामग्री अधिक मिलती है, जबकि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में जैविक पदार्थों का प्रतिशत अधिक होता है। संरचना के ज्ञान से यह तय किया जाता है कि अपशिष्ट का कितना भाग कंपोस्टिंग, बायोगैस उत्पादन या पुनर्चक्रण के लिए उपयुक्त है। दूसरी महत्वपूर्ण भौतिक विशेषता घनत्व (Density) है। घनत्व का अर्थ है प्रति इकाई आयतन में अपशिष्ट का भार। कम घनत्व वाले अपशिष्ट जैसे प्लास्टिक और कागज अधिक स्थान घेरते हैं, जबकि गीले जैविक अपशिष्ट का घनत्व अधिक होता है।
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