Question
कृषि और भूमि अधिकार आंदोलन पर टिप्पणी कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 893
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लैटिन अमेरिका में कृषि और भूमि अधिकार आंदोलन ने लंबे समय से समाज और राज्य के बीच के संबंधों को प्रभावित किया है। इस क्षेत्र में भूमि का वितरण ऐतिहासिक रूप से असमान रहा है, जो उपनिवेशी काल से ही सामाजिक और आर्थिक असमानताओं का मुख्य कारण रहा है। स्पेनिश और पुर्तगाली उपनिवेशों के दौरान भूमि का अधिकांश हिस्सा एक सीमित सामाजिक वर्ग के हाथों में केंद्रीकृत हो गया था, जबकि अधिकांश ग्रामीण जनसंख्या छोटे भू-खंडों या बिना भूमि के जीविका संचालित करती थी। इस असमानता ने किसानों और ग्रामीण समुदायों में लगातार असंतोष पैदा किया, जो धीरे-धीरे सामाजिक और राजनीतिक आंदोलनों के रूप में विकसित हुआ। 20वीं सदी के मध्य में लैटिन अमेरिका में भूमि सुधार और कृषि आंदोलन ने विशेष महत्व प्राप्त किया। मेक्सिको, ब्राज़ील, अर्जेंटीना, चिली और पेरू जैसे देशों में भूमि सुधार कार्यक्रम लागू किए गए, जिनका उद्देश्य छोटे किसानों को भूमि उपलब्ध कराना और पारंपरिक लैटिन अमेरिकी भूमिकृत संरचना में सुधार करना था। मेक्सिको में 1910 के मैक्सिकन क्रांति के बाद सरकार ने ‘एजीडा’ प्रणाली के तहत ग्रामीण समुदायों को सामूहिक भूमि देने की प्रक्रिया शुरू की। इसी तरह, चिली में 1960 और 1970 के दशक में भूमि सुधार ने बड़े एस्टेट्स को तोड़कर किसानों को जमीन दी, जो सामाजिक न्याय और आर्थिक स्थिरता दोनों के दृष्टिकोण से महत्वपूर्ण
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