Question
साक्षरता शिक्षण की विश्लेषणात्मक विधियों की अवधारणा, प्रक्रिया और उनके विभिन्न प्रकारों का विस्तार से वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1054
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साक्षरता शिक्षण वयस्क शिक्षा का एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण अंग है, जिसका उद्देश्य केवल पढ़ना-लिखना सिखाना नहीं बल्कि व्यक्ति को अपने जीवन, समाज और परिवेश को समझने तथा उसमें सक्रिय भागीदारी करने योग्य बनाना है। वयस्क शिक्षार्थियों की आवश्यकताएँ, अनुभव और सीखने की परिस्थितियाँ बच्चों से भिन्न होती हैं, इसलिए साक्षरता शिक्षण में ऐसी विधियों की आवश्यकता होती है जो उनके जीवन अनुभवों से जुड़ी हों और उन्हें सहज रूप से सीखने में सहायता करें। इसी संदर्भ में विश्लेषणात्मक विधियाँ महत्वपूर्ण मानी जाती हैं। विश्लेषणात्मक विधि का मूल सिद्धांत यह है कि शिक्षण की प्रक्रिया में पहले संपूर्ण या बड़े रूप को प्रस्तुत किया जाता है और फिर उसे छोटे-छोटे भागों में विभाजित करके समझाया जाता है। अर्थात शिक्षार्थी पहले शब्द, वाक्य या संपूर्ण विचार को पहचानता है और उसके बाद उसके घटकों जैसे अक्षर, ध्वनि या मात्राओं को समझता है। इस प्रकार यह विधि संपूर्ण से अंश की ओर जाने वाली शिक्षण प्रक्रिया पर आधारित होती है। विश्लेषणात्मक विधियों की अवधारणा इस विचार पर आधारित है कि वयस्क शिक्षार्थी अपने अनुभवों के आधार पर संपूर्ण अर्थ को जल्दी समझ लेते हैं। जब उन्हें किसी परिचित शब्द, वाक्य या परिस्थिति से जोड़कर पढ़ाया जाता है तो वे अधिक रुचि और उत्साह के साथ सीखते हैं। इस विधि में भाषा को केवल अक्षरों
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