Question
संदर्भ समूह' (Reference Group) क्या है?
Answer :
Word Count : 617
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Skip in 10
'संदर्भ समूह' (Reference Group) समाजशास्त्र की एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अवधारणा है, जिसका व्यवस्थित प्रतिपादन अमेरिकी समाजशास्त्री रॉबर्ट के. मर्टन ने किया। यह उस व्यक्ति, समूह या समुदाय को इंगित करता है जिसके मानदंडों, मूल्यों, आदर्शों, व्यवहारों तथा जीवन-शैली को कोई व्यक्ति अपने विचारों, निर्णयों और आचरण के मूल्यांकन का आधार बनाता है। व्यक्ति जिस समूह का वास्तविक सदस्य हो, वही उसका संदर्भ समूह हो यह आवश्यक नहीं है। वह किसी ऐसे समूह को भी अपना संदर्भ बना सकता है जिसका वह सदस्य नहीं है, परंतु जिसके प्रति वह आकर्षित होता है या जिससे स्वयं की तुलना करता है। संदर्भ समूह व्यक्ति के समाजीकरण, व्यक्तित्व निर्माण, आकांक्षाओं तथा सामाजिक व्यवहार को गहराई से प्रभावित करता है। व्यक्ति अपने जीवन में अनेक निर्णय—जैसे शिक्षा, व्यवसाय, उपभोग, पहनावा, भाषा, सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा तथा जीवन-लक्ष्य—अक्सर उन
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