Question
शहरी विकास की समस्याओं पर विस्तृत टिप्पणी लिखिए।
भारत में भाषाओं के स्थानिक स्वरूप और वितरण पर चर्चा कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 784
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Skip in 10
शहरी विकास की प्रक्रिया औद्योगिकीकरण, आर्थिक विकास, सेवा क्षेत्र के विस्तार तथा ग्रामीण-नगरीय प्रवास से जुड़ी हुई है। आधुनिक नगर आर्थिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा प्रशासनिक गतिविधियों के प्रमुख केंद्र बन चुके हैं, किंतु तीव्र शहरीकरण के कारण अनेक गंभीर समस्याएँ भी उत्पन्न हुई हैं। विकासशील देशों, विशेषकर भारत में, शहरी विकास की चुनौतियाँ अधिक जटिल हैं क्योंकि यहाँ जनसंख्या वृद्धि की गति तेज है तथा संसाधनों और आधारभूत संरचना का विकास अपेक्षाकृत धीमा है। सबसे प्रमुख समस्या अनियोजित शहरीकरण है। नगरों का विस्तार बिना समुचित योजना के होने से भूमि उपयोग में असंतुलन उत्पन्न होता है। कृषि भूमि का तेजी से शहरी उपयोग में परिवर्तन, अवैध कॉलोनियों का विकास तथा हरित क्षेत्रों का क्षरण पर्यावरणीय संकट को बढ़ाता है। जनसंख्या के अत्यधिक दबाव के कारण आवास की समस्या गंभीर हो जाती है। निम्न आय वर्ग के लोग झुग्गी-झोपड़ियों में रहने के लिए विवश होते हैं, जहाँ स्वच्छ जल, शौचालय, बिजली और स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं का अभाव रहता है। यातायात और परिवहन की समस्या भी शहरी विकास
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