Question
व्यवहारात्मक दृष्टिकोण के अभिलक्षण का परीक्षण कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 732
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व्यवहारात्मक दृष्टिकोण लोक प्रशासन तथा तुलनात्मक लोक प्रशासन के अध्ययन में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन का प्रतीक है। इस दृष्टिकोण का विकास मुख्यतः इस विचार पर आधारित है कि प्रशासन का अध्ययन केवल औपचारिक संस्थाओं, नियमों तथा संरचनाओं तक सीमित नहीं होना चाहिए, बल्कि प्रशासन में कार्य करने वाले व्यक्तियों, उनके व्यवहार, निर्णय-प्रक्रिया, प्रेरणाओं तथा सामाजिक परिवेश का भी वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन आवश्यक है। व्यवहारात्मक दृष्टिकोण ने प्रशासन को अधिक यथार्थवादी, अनुभवजन्य तथा वैज्ञानिक आधार प्रदान किया। इसका उद्देश्य प्रशासनिक प्रक्रियाओं को वास्तविक परिस्थितियों में समझना तथा मानव व्यवहार के आधार पर प्रशासनिक सिद्धांतों का निर्माण करना है। व्यवहारात्मक दृष्टिकोण का पहला प्रमुख अभिलक्षण वैज्ञानिक पद्धति का प्रयोग है। इस दृष्टिकोण के समर्थक तथ्यों, आंकड़ों, निरीक्षण, प्रयोग तथा अनुभवजन्य अनुसंधान को अत्यधिक महत्त्व देते हैं। वे प्रशासनिक समस्याओं का समाधान केवल दार्शनिक या वैधानिक आधार पर नहीं, बल्कि प्रमाणित तथ्यों और वैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण के आधार पर करने का प्रयास करते हैं। दूसरा महत्त्वपूर्ण अभिलक्षण मानव व्यवहार पर विशेष बल देना है। व्यवहारवादी विद्वानों
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