Describe one play activity each that you will carry out with 3 ½ year olds:
a. To enhance their vocabulary
b. To develop fine motor coordination
c. To help them understand one-to-one correspondence
d. To foster creativity
e. To strengthen the concept of time
For each activity, mention its content and material(s) required, if any.
(a) Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read. For example, when a beginning reader sees the word dog in a book, he begins to sound it out. When he realizes that he is very familiar with the word dog, he reads it with confidence.
But what if the child comes across the word yak in a story? If he has never heard of a yak, he may try to sound out the word, but may then begin to second guess himself. Is this a real word? Have I decoded it properly?
Four Types of Vocabulary
When we talk about vocabulary, we are actually talking about four related vocabularies. In order from largest to smallest they are:
- Listening vocabulary (words we can hear and understand)
- Reading vocabulary (words we can understand when we read)
- Speaking vocabulary (words we use when we talk)
- Writing vocabulary (words we use when we write)
Most vocabulary is attained through indirect methods:
- Daily conversation
- Independent reading
- Read-alouds
- Oral discussions
- Movies
Direct vocabulary instruction includes things such as:
- Formal vocabulary curriculum
- Word analysis
- Teaching roots, suffixes, and prefixes
- Concept maps
(b) Fine motor skills involve the careful control of small muscles in the hands, feet, fingers, and toes. Controlling the muscles of the tongue and lips in order to speak or sing is also a fine motor skill. Child care providers can plan activities that encourage children's developing fine motor skills. Try some of the following activities that practice hand and finger coordination:
- play dough or clay with plastic tools such as scissors or cookie cutters to form into various shapes
- blocks of various sizes to stack and arrange
- beads, macaroni, rigatoni or wheel-shaped cereal to string on yarn or shoelaces
- puzzles with varying size handles or knobs
- scissors, paints, brushes, markers, crayons, and large chalk that are all child-safe
Shared reading is also a great time to encourage fine motor skills. Encourage children to turn the pages of a book. Remember that board books are best for very young children, because the pages are sturdier and easier to manipulate.
(c) One-to-one correspondence
One-to-one correspondence is when one numeral is related to one object being counted. Students pair words with objects. Students usually start by pointing to each object and moving
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