Question
वित्तीय प्रशासन: के अर्थ, महत्व और सिद्धांतों का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1252
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वित्तीय प्रशासन लोक प्रशासन का वह महत्वपूर्ण अंग है जिसके माध्यम से सरकार की आय, व्यय, ऋण, निवेश तथा सार्वजनिक धन के उपयोग का नियोजन, प्रबंधन, नियंत्रण और मूल्यांकन किया जाता है। किसी भी आधुनिक कल्याणकारी राज्य के लिए वित्तीय प्रशासन अत्यंत आवश्यक है, क्योंकि बिना पर्याप्त वित्तीय संसाधनों के राज्य अपनी नीतियों, योजनाओं तथा विकास कार्यक्रमों को प्रभावी रूप से लागू नहीं कर सकता। यह केवल धन के संग्रह और व्यय तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि संसाधनों के सर्वोत्तम उपयोग, वित्तीय अनुशासन, उत्तरदायित्व, पारदर्शिता तथा जनकल्याण को सुनिश्चित करने की एक सतत प्रशासनिक प्रक्रिया है। वित्तीय प्रशासन सरकार की आर्थिक नीतियों को व्यवहार में परिणत करता है तथा विकास, सामाजिक न्याय और आर्थिक स्थिरता का आधार बनता है। वित्तीय प्रशासन का अर्थ सार्वजनिक धन के संग्रह, संरक्षण, वितरण, व्यय तथा नियंत्रण से संबंधित प्रशासनिक व्यवस्था से है। इसमें सरकार द्वारा करों एवं अन्य स्रोतों से राजस्व प्राप्त करना, बजट तैयार करना, संसद या विधानमंडल से उसकी स्वीकृति प्राप्त करना, स्वीकृत धनराशि का व्यय करना, लेखांकन करना तथा लेखा-परीक्षण के माध्यम से यह सुनिश्चित करना कि सार्वजनिक धन का उपयोग विधिसम्मत, मितव्ययी और प्रभावी ढंग से हुआ है। इस प्रकार वित्तीय प्रशासन सार्वजनिक वित्त के सिद्धांतों और प्रशासनिक प्रक्रियाओं का समन्वित स्वरूप है। वित्तीय प्रशासन की प्रक्रिया सामान्यतः पाँच प्रमुख चरणों में विभाजित की जाती है। प्रथम चरण बजट निर्माण का है, जिसमें आगामी वित्तीय वर्ष के लिए आय एवं व्यय का अनुमान तैयार किया जाता है। द्वितीय चरण विधायिका द्वारा बजट की स्वीकृति का होता है, जिससे सरकार को धन खर्च करने का वैधानिक अधिकार प्राप्त होता है। तृतीय चरण बजट के
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