Question
राष्ट्रवादी लेखन की समझ
Answer :
Word Count : 1190
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भारत में इतिहास लेखन की आधुनिक परंपरा का विकास औपनिवेशिक शासन के संदर्भ में हुआ। औपनिवेशिक इतिहासकारों ने भारतीय अतीत को स्थिर, अवैज्ञानिक, निरंकुश तथा प्रगति-विहीन सिद्ध करने का प्रयास किया। उन्होंने यह स्थापित करने की कोशिश की कि भारत में राष्ट्रीय चेतना का अभाव था और अंग्रेजी शासन ने ही आधुनिकता, एकता तथा राजनीतिक जागरूकता प्रदान की। इस औपनिवेशिक दृष्टिकोण के प्रतिवाद के रूप में राष्ट्रवादी इतिहास लेखन का उदय हुआ। राष्ट्रवादी इतिहासकारों का उद्देश्य भारतीय अतीत के गौरव, सांस्कृतिक निरंतरता तथा राष्ट्रीय एकता को प्रमाणित करना था। इस प्रकार राष्ट्रवादी लेखन केवल इतिहास का अकादमिक अध्ययन नहीं था, बल्कि राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन का वैचारिक उपकरण भी था। राष्ट्रवादी इतिहास लेखन का विकास उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के उत्तरार्ध तथा बीसवीं शताब्दी के पूर्वार्द्ध में हुआ। इस समय भारतीय समाज में सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक पुनर्जागरण, शिक्षा का प्रसार, मुद्रण तकनीक का विकास तथा राजनीतिक संगठनों के उदय ने इतिहास लेखन को नई दिशा प्रदान की। राष्ट्रवादी इतिहासकारों ने भारतीय अतीत को आत्मगौरव, स्वाभिमान तथा राष्ट्रीय चेतना के स्रोत के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया। उनका विश्वास था कि किसी भी राष्ट्र की स्वतंत्रता की आकांक्षा उसके गौरवशाली इतिहास की स्मृति से सुदृढ़ होती है। राष्ट्रवादी इतिहास लेखन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य औपनिवेशिक मिथकों का खंडन करना था। औपनिवेशिक इतिहासकारों ने यह धारणा विकसित की थी कि भारत सदैव विदेशी आक्रमणों का शिकार रहा तथा यहाँ राजनीतिक एकता का अभाव था। इसके विपरीत राष्ट्रवादी इतिहासकारों ने मौर्य, गुप्त, मुगल तथा अन्य शक्तिशाली राज्यों के उदाहरण देकर यह सिद्ध करने का प्रयास किया कि भारत में समय-समय पर व्यापक राजनीतिक एकता स्थापित हुई थी। उन्होंने यह भी प्रतिपादित किया कि भारतीय सभ्यता अत्यंत प्राचीन, समृद्ध तथा विश्व की महान सभ्यताओं में से
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