Question
राजपूतों के उदय के विभिन्न सिद्धान्तों की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1317
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Skip in 10
राजपूतों के उदय का प्रश्न भारतीय इतिहासलेखन के सबसे विवादास्पद विषयों में से एक है। यद्यपि राजपूतों का राजनीतिक उत्कर्ष मुख्यतः सातवीं से बारहवीं शताब्दी ईस्वी के मध्य हुआ, फिर भी उनके उद्भव के संबंध में अनेक सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत किए गए हैं। इन सिद्धान्तों का आधार साहित्यिक ग्रंथ, अभिलेख, पुराण, विदेशी यात्रियों के विवरण तथा आधुनिक इतिहासकारों के अध्ययन हैं। कोई एक सिद्धान्त सर्वमान्य नहीं है, बल्कि अधिकांश विद्वान यह स्वीकार करते हैं कि राजपूतों का उदय एक दीर्घकालिक सामाजिक, राजनीतिक एवं सांस्कृतिक प्रक्रिया का परिणाम था। सबसे प्रसिद्ध सिद्धान्त अग्निकुल अथवा अग्निवंश सिद्धान्त है। इसका प्रमुख स्रोत चंदबरदाई द्वारा रचित *पृथ्वीराज रासो* है। इस सिद्धान्त के अनुसार ऋषि वशिष्ठ ने आबू पर्वत पर एक यज्ञ का आयोजन किया। यज्ञ की अग्नि से चार प्रमुख राजपूत वंश—प्रतिहार, परमार, चौहान और चालुक्य (सोलंकी)—उत्पन्न हुए। इनका उद्देश्य पृथ्वी को राक्षसों और दुष्ट शक्तियों से मुक्त करना था। मध्यकालीन राजपूत समाज में इस कथा का व्यापक प्रचार हुआ और इससे इन वंशों को धार्मिक वैधता तथा क्षत्रिय गौरव प्राप्त हुआ। आधुनिक इतिहासकार अग्निकुल सिद्धान्त को ऐतिहासिक तथ्य के रूप में स्वीकार नहीं करते। उनका मत है कि यह एक पौराणिक कथा है, जिसका उद्देश्य नवोदित राजवंशों को प्रतिष्ठित क्षत्रिय परंपरा से जोड़ना था। डॉ. दशरथ शर्मा, आर.सी. मजूमदार तथा अन्य विद्वानों ने इसे प्रतीकात्मक कथा माना है, न कि वास्तविक उत्पत्ति का प्रमाण। दूसरा महत्वपूर्ण सिद्धान्त विदेशी मूल का सिद्धान्त है। इसे प्रमुख रूप से कर्नल जेम्स टॉड, विलियम क्रूक, वी.ए. स्मिथ तथा कुछ अन्य यूरोपीय इतिहासकारों ने प्रस्तुत किया। उनके अनुसार राजपूतों का संबंध शक, कुषाण, हूण, गुर्जर तथा अन्य मध्य एशियाई जातियों से था, जो भारत में आकर बस गईं। इन विदेशी समूहों ने भारतीय समाज में प्रवेश
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