Question
मारिया मोंटेसरी के शैक्षिक दर्शन की बुनियादी अवधारणाएँ
Answer :
Word Count : 705
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मारिया मोंटेसरी का शैक्षिक दर्शन बालक-केंद्रित शिक्षा पर आधारित है, जिसमें प्रत्येक बालक को स्वाभाविक रूप से सीखने की क्षमता से युक्त माना गया है। उनका विश्वास था कि बालक का विकास उसकी जन्मजात शक्तियों, रुचियों तथा अनुभवों के माध्यम से होता है। इसलिए शिक्षा का उद्देश्य केवल ज्ञान प्रदान करना नहीं, बल्कि बालक के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए अनुकूल वातावरण उपलब्ध कराना है। मोंटेसरी ने शिक्षा को जीवन की तैयारी नहीं, बल्कि स्वयं जीवन की सतत प्रक्रिया माना। मोंटेसरी दर्शन की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणा बालक की स्वतंत्रता है। उनके अनुसार बालक को अपनी गति, रुचि और क्षमता के अनुसार कार्य करने की स्वतंत्रता मिलनी चाहिए। यह स्वतंत्रता अनुशासनहीनता नहीं है, बल्कि आत्म-अनुशासन विकसित करने का माध्यम है। जब बालक स्वतंत्र वातावरण में अपनी पसंद की गतिविधियों का चयन करता है, तब वह अधिक उत्साह और एकाग्रता के साथ सीखता है। मोंटेसरी ने तैयार वातावरण (Prepared Environment) की अवधारणा प्रस्तुत की। उनके अनुसार विद्यालय का
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