Question
भारत में सार्वभौमिक साक्षरता ओर प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा को बढ़ावा देने के लिए अपनाए गए वर्तमान कार्यक्रम ओर योजनाओं का सविस्तार वर्णन कीजिए ।
Answer :
Word Count : 925
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भारत में सार्वभौमिक साक्षरता और प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा को बढ़ावा देना ग्रामीण विकास का एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण आयाम रहा है। स्वतंत्रता के समय देश में साक्षरता दर अत्यंत निम्न थी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में शिक्षा की स्थिति विशेष रूप से दयनीय थी। इसे ध्यान में रखते हुए भारत सरकार ने समय-समय पर अनेक कार्यक्रमों और योजनाओं की शुरुआत की, जिनका उद्देश्य सभी नागरिकों को साक्षर बनाना तथा बच्चों को गुणवत्तापूर्ण प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा उपलब्ध कराना रहा है। इन कार्यक्रमों का केंद्र बिंदु विशेष रूप से ग्रामीण, पिछड़े, आदिवासी और वंचित वर्गों तक शिक्षा की पहुँच सुनिश्चित करना रहा है। सार्वभौमिक साक्षरता की दिशा में प्रारम्भिक प्रयासों में राष्ट्रीय साक्षरता मिशन का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। इस मिशन की शुरुआत 1988 में की गई थी, जिसका उद्देश्य 15 से 35 वर्ष आयु वर्ग के निरक्षरों को साक्षर बनाना था। इसके अंतर्गत संपूर्ण साक्षरता अभियान, उत्तर-साक्षरता अभियान और सतत शिक्षा कार्यक्रम चलाए गए। संपूर्ण साक्षरता अभियान के माध्यम से ग्राम स्तर तक स्वयंसेवकों, शिक्षकों और सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं की सहायता से वयस्कों को पढ़ना-लिखना सिखाया गया। इस कार्यक्रम ने विशेष रूप से महिलाओं, अनुसूचित जाति, अनुसूचित जनजाति और अल्पसंख्यक समुदायों में साक्षरता दर बढ़ाने में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा को सुदृढ़ करने के लिए सर्व शिक्षा अभियान एक ऐतिहासिक पहल के रूप में उभरा। इस अभियान की शुरुआत
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