What is the requirement for the vibrational mode of a molecule to be Raman active?
At the core of Raman Spectroscopy theory is the idea that molecules can vibrate. The vibrational modes of a molecule can best be modeled by assuming that the compound is composed of atoms (balls) joined by chemical bonds composed of springs (rather than the traditional sticks). When viewed in this way, it becomes apparent that an input of energy into the molecule will cause the molecule to vibrate.
Vibrational modes for the molecule are a function of the orientation of its atoms and bonds, the atomic mass of the atoms, bond order and hydrogen bonding, among other factors. The vibrational modes for carbon dioxide an water are illustrated in the diagram to the right.
Each Vibrational mode is initiated by a specific frequency, usually in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These modes are quantized much like atomic
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