Question
प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ
Answer :
Word Count : 741
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प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ मानव समाज के विकासक्रम को प्रभावित करने वाले प्रमुख कारकों में रही हैं। भारतीय इतिहास में बाढ़, सूखा, भूकंप, चक्रवात, महामारी तथा भूस्खलन जैसी प्राकृतिक आपदाओं ने केवल जन-धन की हानि ही नहीं पहुँचाई, बल्कि सामाजिक संरचनाओं, आर्थिक गतिविधियों, राजनीतिक व्यवस्थाओं तथा सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं में भी व्यापक परिवर्तन उत्पन्न किए। सामाजिक संरचना का विकास केवल मानव की योजनाओं का परिणाम नहीं था, बल्कि प्रकृति के साथ उसके निरंतर संघर्ष और अनुकूलन की प्रक्रिया से भी निर्धारित हुआ। प्राचीन भारत में नदी घाटी सभ्यताओं का विकास जल संसाधनों पर निर्भर था। सिंधु सभ्यता के कई नगरों में बार-बार आने वाली बाढ़ तथा जलवायु परिवर्तन के संकेत मिलते हैं, जिन्होंने नगरीय जीवन को प्रभावित किया। अनेक इतिहासकार मानते हैं कि पर्यावरणीय परिवर्तनों और प्राकृतिक संकटों ने लोगों को नए क्षेत्रों की ओर प्रवास करने के लिए प्रेरित किया, जिससे सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक संपर्क बढ़ा और नई सामाजिक संरचनाओं का निर्माण हुआ। सूखे और अकाल भारतीय इतिहास
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