Question
जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रभाव
Answer :
Word Count : 562
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जलवायु परिवर्तन मानव समाज के विकास को प्रभावित करने वाले सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण प्राकृतिक कारकों में से एक रहा है। भारतीय इतिहास में सामाजिक संरचनाओं के विकास का अध्ययन करते समय यह स्पष्ट होता है कि जलवायु में आए परिवर्तनों ने केवल पर्यावरण को ही नहीं, बल्कि मानव बस्तियों, आजीविका, उत्पादन संबंधों, जनसंख्या के वितरण, राजनीतिक संगठन तथा सांस्कृतिक जीवन को भी गहराई से प्रभावित किया। प्रागैतिहासिक काल में हिमयुग के अंत और अपेक्षाकृत गर्म एवं आर्द्र जलवायु के विकसित होने से कृषि के लिए अनुकूल परिस्थितियाँ बनीं। इससे शिकारी-संग्राहक समुदाय धीरे-धीरे स्थायी कृषि समुदायों में परिवर्तित हुए। स्थायी निवास के कारण परिवार, ग्राम तथा संपत्ति जैसी सामाजिक संस्थाओं का विकास हुआ। सिंधु-सरस्वती सभ्यता के उत्कर्ष में अनुकूल जलवायु और पर्याप्त जल संसाधनों की महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका थी। किंतु अनेक विद्वानों
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