Question
प्रतीकात्मक एवं व्याख्यात्मक उपागम पर आधारित कुछ शास्त्रीय मानववैज्ञानिक कृतियों का परीक्षण कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 598
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प्रतीकात्मक एवं व्याख्यात्मक उपागम मानवविज्ञान में संस्कृति को केवल व्यवहारों, संस्थाओं अथवा भौतिक वस्तुओं का समूह न मानकर अर्थों, प्रतीकों, संकेतों तथा मानवीय अनुभवों की प्रणाली के रूप में समझता है। इस उपागम के अनुसार मनुष्य अपने सामाजिक जीवन का निर्माण प्रतीकों के माध्यम से करता है और संस्कृति उन अर्थों का जाल है जिसमें मनुष्य स्वयं बँधा हुआ है। इस दृष्टिकोण के विकास में अनेक शास्त्रीय मानववैज्ञानिक कृतियों का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहा है। विक्टर टर्नर की कृति *द फॉरेस्ट ऑफ सिंबल्स* तथा *द रिचुअल प्रोसेस* प्रतीकात्मक मानवविज्ञान की प्रमुख रचनाएँ हैं। टर्नर ने अफ्रीका की न्डेम्बू जनजाति के अनुष्ठानों का अध्ययन करते हुए बताया कि प्रतीक बहुस्तरीय अर्थ रखते हैं। उन्होंने अनुष्ठानों में प्रयुक्त प्रतीकों को सामाजिक तनावों, मूल्यों तथा संबंधों की अभिव्यक्ति के रूप
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