Question
निर्देशन के विस्तार सिद्धान्त (इलेबोरेशन थियरी ई.टी.) की अवधारणा और घटकों का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 660
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निर्देशन के विस्तार सिद्धान्त (Elaboration Theory) का प्रतिपादन चार्ल्स एम. रेलगेलुथ (Charles M. Reigeluth) ने किया। यह सिद्धान्त इस धारणा पर आधारित है कि यदि शिक्षण सामग्री को सरल से जटिल, सामान्य से विशिष्ट तथा मूलभूत से विस्तृत रूप में क्रमबद्ध किया जाए, तो अधिगम अधिक प्रभावी, अर्थपूर्ण और स्थायी बनता है। इस सिद्धान्त का उद्देश्य शिक्षार्थियों को विषय-वस्तु की समग्र समझ प्रदान करना है ताकि वे पहले संपूर्ण अवधारणा को समझें और उसके बाद क्रमशः उसके विभिन्न पक्षों एवं जटिलताओं का अध्ययन करें। यह सिद्धान्त विशेष रूप से संज्ञानात्मक अधिगम, उच्च स्तरीय चिंतन तथा समस्या-समाधान कौशल के विकास में उपयोगी माना जाता है। विस्तार सिद्धान्त के अनुसार शिक्षण का आरंभ विषय के "एपिटोम" (Epitome) अर्थात् सबसे सरल, व्यापक और प्रतिनिधि स्वरूप से किया जाता है। यह एपिटोम संपूर्ण विषय का संक्षिप्त एवं समग्र परिचय प्रदान करता है। इसके पश्चात् उसी विषय को क्रमशः अधिक विस्तृत, गहन तथा जटिल रूप में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। प्रत्येक नए स्तर
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