Question
दिल्ली सल्तनत के राजनीतिक इतिहास ग्रंथों का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1149
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दिल्ली सल्तनत के राजनीतिक इतिहास के अध्ययन में समकालीन फ़ारसी इतिहास ग्रंथों का अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। ये ग्रंथ तत्कालीन शासकों, प्रशासन, सैन्य अभियानों, दरबारी राजनीति तथा सामाजिक-आर्थिक परिस्थितियों के संबंध में बहुमूल्य जानकारी प्रदान करते हैं। किंतु इन ग्रंथों का उपयोग करते समय उनके लेखकों की पृष्ठभूमि, संरक्षणदाता, उद्देश्य तथा धार्मिक एवं राजनीतिक दृष्टिकोण का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण आवश्यक है, क्योंकि अधिकांश इतिहासकार दरबारी आश्रित थे और उनके लेखन में शासकों की प्रशंसा, धार्मिक आग्रह तथा व्यक्तिगत पूर्वाग्रह स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देते हैं। दिल्ली सल्तनत के प्रारंभिक इतिहास के लिए हसन निज़ामी द्वारा रचित ताज-उल-मआसिर महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत है। इसमें मुख्यतः मुहम्मद गौरी तथा कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक के अभियानों और उपलब्धियों का वर्णन मिलता है। यह ग्रंथ सल्तनत की स्थापना के आरंभिक चरण का प्रत्यक्ष विवरण प्रस्तुत करता है। इसकी विशेषता यह है कि लेखक समकालीन घटनाओं का साक्षी था, जिससे इसकी ऐतिहासिक उपयोगिता बढ़ जाती है। किंतु इसमें साहित्यिक अलंकरण, अतिशयोक्ति तथा विजयों का महिमामंडन अधिक है। पराजयों, प्रशासनिक कठिनाइयों तथा सामान्य जनता के जीवन का उल्लेख अत्यंत सीमित है। मिनहाज-उस-सिराज द्वारा लिखित तबकात-ए-नासिरी दिल्ली सल्तनत के इतिहास का अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण ग्रंथ है। इसमें इस्लामी शासकों का क्रमबद्ध इतिहास प्रस्तुत किया गया है तथा विशेष रूप से इल्तुतमिश और उसके उत्तराधिकारियों के शासन का विस्तृत विवरण मिलता है। लेखक स्वयं प्रशासन से जुड़ा था और उसे दरबार तक प्रत्यक्ष पहुँच प्राप्त थी। इसलिए अनेक घटनाओं का विवरण विश्वसनीय माना जाता है। उसने मंगोल आक्रमणों, तुर्क अमीरों की राजनीति तथा प्रशासनिक परिस्थितियों
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