Question
जलवायु परिवर्तन
Answer :
Word Count : 1336
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जलवायु परिवर्तन वर्तमान समय की सबसे गंभीर पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं में से एक है। इसका अर्थ पृथ्वी के औसत तापमान, वर्षा, वायुमंडलीय परिस्थितियों तथा मौसम के स्वरूप में होने वाले दीर्घकालिक परिवर्तनों से है। जलवायु में परिवर्तन प्राकृतिक कारणों से भी होता रहा है, लेकिन आधुनिक समय में मानव गतिविधियों के कारण इसकी गति अत्यधिक बढ़ गई है। औद्योगीकरण, वनों की कटाई, जीवाश्म ईंधनों का अत्यधिक उपयोग, बढ़ता शहरीकरण, परिवहन, कृषि तथा ऊर्जा की बढ़ती मांग ने वायुमंडल में ग्रीनहाउस गैसों की मात्रा बढ़ा दी है। परिणामस्वरूप पृथ्वी का तापमान लगातार बढ़ रहा है और जलवायु प्रणाली में असंतुलन उत्पन्न हो रहा है। जलवायु परिवर्तन को समझने के लिए ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव को समझना आवश्यक है। सूर्य से प्राप्त ऊर्जा पृथ्वी की सतह को गर्म करती है। पृथ्वी इस ऊर्जा का कुछ भाग ऊष्मा के रूप में वापस अंतरिक्ष में भेजती है। वायुमंडल में उपस्थित कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड, मीथेन, नाइट्रस ऑक्साइड तथा जलवाष्प जैसी ग्रीनहाउस गैसें इस ऊष्मा के कुछ भाग को रोक लेती हैं। प्राकृतिक ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव पृथ्वी पर जीवन के लिए आवश्यक है, लेकिन मानव गतिविधियों के कारण इन गैसों की मात्रा अत्यधिक बढ़ने से यह प्रभाव असामान्य रूप से तीव्र हो गया है। इसे वैश्विक तापन का प्रमुख कारण माना जाता है। जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रमुख कारणों में जीवाश्म ईंधनों का दहन सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है। कोयला, पेट्रोलियम और प्राकृतिक गैस का उपयोग बिजली उत्पादन, उद्योग, परिवहन और घरेलू आवश्यकताओं में बड़े पैमाने पर किया जाता है। इनके जलने से बड़ी मात्रा में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड वायुमंडल में पहुँचती है। इसके अतिरिक्त उद्योगों से निकलने वाली गैसें, वाहनों का धुआँ और ऊर्जा उत्पादन की प्रक्रियाएँ भी प्रदूषण तथा तापवृद्धि में योगदान देती हैं। वनों की कटाई भी एक महत्वपूर्ण कारण है। पेड़ कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड को अवशोषित करते हैं और वातावरण में ऑक्सीजन का संतुलन बनाए रखने में सहायता करते हैं। जब जंगलों को कृषि, आवास, उद्योग या अन्य गतिविधियों
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