Question
ऊष्मा तनाव के प्रति अनुकूलन
Answer :
Word Count : 639
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ऊष्मा तनाव (Heat Stress) वह स्थिति है जिसमें शरीर पर बाहरी तापमान, आर्द्रता तथा शारीरिक गतिविधियों के कारण इतना अधिक तापीय भार पड़ता है कि शरीर का सामान्य तापमान बनाए रखना चुनौतीपूर्ण हो जाता है। मानव वृद्धि एवं विकास के संदर्भ में ऊष्मा तनाव के प्रति अनुकूलन एक महत्वपूर्ण जैविक प्रक्रिया है, जिसके माध्यम से शरीर विभिन्न शारीरिक, शारीरिक-क्रियात्मक तथा व्यवहारगत परिवर्तनों द्वारा स्वयं को गर्म वातावरण के अनुरूप ढालता है। यह अनुकूलन मानव के स्वास्थ्य, कार्यक्षमता तथा जीवित रहने की क्षमता को बनाए रखने में सहायक होता है। मानव शरीर का सामान्य तापमान लगभग 37° सेल्सियस होता है। जब वातावरण का तापमान अत्यधिक बढ़ जाता है, तब शरीर अतिरिक्त ऊष्मा को बाहर निकालने का प्रयास करता है। यदि यह प्रक्रिया प्रभावी ढंग से नहीं हो पाती, तो ऊष्मा तनाव उत्पन्न होता है, जिससे निर्जलीकरण, थकान, हीट क्रैम्प, हीट एक्सॉशन तथा हीट स्ट्रोक जैसी गंभीर समस्याएँ हो सकती हैं। ऊष्मा तनाव के प्रति सबसे प्रमुख शारीरिक अनुकूलन पसीने की मात्रा
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