Question
उपयुक्त उदाहरणों के साथ वायु प्रदूषण के कारणों, प्रभावों और प्रबंधन की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 854
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वायु प्रदूषण आधुनिक युग की सबसे गंभीर पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं में से एक है, जो प्राकृतिक तथा मानव-जनित दोनों कारकों से उत्पन्न होता है। वायुमंडल में अवांछित गैसों, कणों तथा रासायनिक पदार्थों की मात्रा में वृद्धि होने पर उसकी गुणवत्ता प्रभावित होती है, जिससे मानव स्वास्थ्य, पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र तथा जलवायु पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ता है। औद्योगिकीकरण, नगरीकरण तथा ऊर्जा की बढ़ती मांग ने इस समस्या को और अधिक जटिल बना दिया है। वायु प्रदूषण के कारणों को प्राकृतिक तथा मानव-जनित कारणों में विभाजित किया जा सकता है। प्राकृतिक कारणों में ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट, वनाग्नि, धूल भरी आंधियाँ, परागकणों का उत्सर्जन तथा समुद्री लवण कण प्रमुख हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट के दौरान सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड तथा राख के कण वायुमंडल में फैल जाते हैं, जिससे स्थानीय तथा वैश्विक स्तर पर वायु गुणवत्ता प्रभावित होती है। इसी प्रकार, राजस्थान के मरुस्थलीय क्षेत्रों से उठने वाली धूल उत्तर भारत के कई शहरों में वायु प्रदूषण का कारण बनती है। मानव-जनित कारण अधिक गंभीर और स्थायी होते हैं। औद्योगिक गतिविधियाँ, विशेषकर तापीय विद्युत संयंत्र, रासायनिक उद्योग तथा धातु प्रसंस्करण इकाइयाँ, बड़ी मात्रा में सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड, नाइट्रोजन ऑक्साइड तथा कण पदार्थ उत्सर्जित करती हैं।
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