Question
इतिहास लेखन में वस्तुनिष्ठता से आप क्या समझते हैं? चर्चा कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 681
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इतिहास लेखन में वस्तुनिष्ठता का अर्थ है कि इतिहासकार अतीत की घटनाओं का अध्ययन, विश्लेषण और प्रस्तुतीकरण व्यक्तिगत पूर्वाग्रहों, राजनीतिक विचारधाराओं, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, जातीय पक्षधरता तथा भावनात्मक आग्रहों से मुक्त होकर उपलब्ध साक्ष्यों के आधार पर करे। वस्तुनिष्ठ इतिहास लेखन का उद्देश्य अतीत को यथासंभव उसी रूप में प्रस्तुत करना है जैसा वह वास्तव में घटित हुआ था। इतिहासकार तथ्यों का चयन, उनकी व्याख्या तथा निष्कर्ष निकालते समय प्रमाणों की विश्वसनीयता, स्रोतों की आलोचनात्मक समीक्षा तथा तर्कसंगत विश्लेषण का सहारा लेता है। इसी कारण वस्तुनिष्ठता को इतिहास लेखन का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण आदर्श माना जाता है। इतिहास लेखन में वस्तुनिष्ठता की अवधारणा का सबसे प्रभावशाली प्रतिपादन जर्मन इतिहासकार लियोपोल्ड वॉन रांके ने किया। उनका प्रसिद्ध कथन था कि इतिहासकार का कार्य अतीत को "जैसा वास्तव में था" उसी रूप में प्रस्तुत करना है। रांके ने प्राथमिक स्रोतों, अभिलेखों, राजकीय दस्तावेजों, पत्रों तथा समकालीन प्रमाणों
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