Question
आपदा प्रबंधन चक्र और इसके मुख्य चरणों को समझाइए।
Answer :
Word Count : 690
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आपदा प्रबंधन चक्र (Disaster Management Cycle) एक सतत एवं समन्वित प्रक्रिया है, जिसके माध्यम से आपदाओं के प्रभाव को कम करने, जन-धन की हानि को न्यूनतम करने तथा प्रभावित क्षेत्रों में शीघ्र सामान्य स्थिति बहाल करने का प्रयास किया जाता है। यह चक्र केवल आपदा आने के बाद की कार्यवाही तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि आपदा के पूर्व, दौरान तथा बाद की सभी गतिविधियों को सम्मिलित करता है। इसका उद्देश्य समाज को अधिक सुरक्षित, सक्षम तथा आपदा-प्रतिरोधी बनाना है। भारत जैसे विविध भौगोलिक परिस्थितियों वाले देश में, जहाँ भूकंप, बाढ़, चक्रवात, सूखा, भूस्खलन, सुनामी तथा मानवजनित आपदाओं की संभावना बनी रहती है, वहाँ आपदा प्रबंधन चक्र का विशेष महत्व है। आपदा प्रबंधन चक्र का पहला प्रमुख चरण शमन (Mitigation) है। इस चरण का उद्देश्य आपदाओं से होने वाली संभावित क्षति को कम करना होता है। इसके अंतर्गत ऐसे दीर्घकालिक उपाय किए जाते हैं जिनसे आपदा का प्रभाव न्यूनतम हो सके। उदाहरण के लिए, भूकंपरोधी भवनों का निर्माण, बाढ़ नियंत्रण हेतु तटबंधों का निर्माण, वनों का संरक्षण,
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