The eighteenth century was a formative period in Russian literature, marked by the emergence of organized literary movements that reflected political, cultural, and intellectual changes in the Russian Empire. During this century, literature developed under the influence of European thought, especially French and German literary traditions, while also creating a distinct Russian identity. The major directions of the eighteenth century include Classicism, Sentimentalism, and the early signs of Pre-Romanticism. Classicism was the dominant literary movement during the first half and much of the second half of the eighteenth century. It emphasized order, logic, reason, discipline, and adherence to established artistic rules. Inspired by ancient Greek and Roman literature, Classicist writers believed that literature should educate society and promote moral values. Genres such as tragedy, comedy, epic poetry, and the ode were carefully structured according to fixed principles. High genres dealt with kings, heroes, and important historical events, while lower genres portrayed ordinary people and everyday life. Mikhail Lomonosov played a crucial role in establishing Russian Classicism. He reformed the Russian literary language and developed theories on poetic style, dividing it into high, middle, and low styles suitable for different literary genres. Alexander Sumarokov further strengthened Classicism by writing tragedies and comedies that followed classical principles. Gavrila Derzhavin enriched the tradition through his odes, combining formal elegance with