IGNOU BCA MCS 23 Introduction to Database Management Systems Solved Assignment ENGLISH

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MCS 023 (July 2026 - January 2027) - ENGLISH

Course Code : MCS-023
Course Title : Introduction to Database Management Systems
Assignment Number : BCA(III)/023/Assignment/2026-27
Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 25%
Last Date of Submission : 31st October, 2026 (For July 2026 Session)
: 30th April, 2027 (For January 2027 Session)
Note: This assignment has four questions carrying 80 marks in total. Answer all the
questions. The remaining 20 marks are for Viva Voce. You may use suitable illustrations,
diagrams, and examples wherever necessary.
Q1:
a. Differentiate between the Hierarchical Database Model, Network Database Model, and Relational
Database Model. Discuss the advantages and limitations of each with suitable examples.
 (4 Marks)
b. Explain the concepts of Data Independence and Data Abstraction in DBMS. How do these
concepts improve database application development? (4 Marks)
c. What are Keys in a relational database? Differentiate among the following with suitable
examples. (4 Marks)
 Candidate Key
 Super Key
 Primary Key
 Alternate Key
d. Explain Conflict Serializability.
Construct a precedence graph for a suitable schedule involving two transactions and determine
whether the schedule is conflict serializable. (4 Marks)
e. Explain the process of Normalization. Illustrate the conversion of a relation from First Normal
Form (1NF) to Third Normal Form (3NF) using a suitable example. (4 Marks)
f. Describe the Shadow Paging Recovery Technique. Compare it with Log-Based Recovery
highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. (4 Marks)
g. Discuss the objectives of Database Security. Explain any four database security mechanisms used
to protect organizational databases. (4 Marks)
h. Differentiate between Centralized, Distributed, and Parallel Database Systems. Discuss one
application area for each. (4 Marks)
i. Write SQL commands with suitable examples for the following. (2 Marks each = 8 Marks)
i. ALTER TABLE
ii. CHECK Constraint
iii. GROUP BY with HAVING Clause
iv. CREATE INDEX

MCS 23 2025 2026 - English

Course Code : MCS-023

Course Title : Introduction to Database Management Systems

Assignment Number : BCA(III)/023/Assignment/2025-26

Maximum Marks : 100

Weightage : 25%

Last Date of Submission : 31st October, 2025(For July Session) 30th April, 2026(For January Session)

Note: This assignment has four questions for a total of 80 marks. Answer all the questions. Rest 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance explanations. Answer to each part of the question should be confined to about 300 words.

Q1. Answer the following questions:

(a) Differentiate between a File Processing System and a Database Management System (DBMS) based on four key aspects.

(b) Explain the three-level architecture of a DBMS (External, Conceptual, and Internal). How does this architecture support Logical and Physical Data Independence?

(c) What are the ACID properties of a transaction? Explain each property with a suitable example of an airline ticket booking.

(d) Differentiate between DDL (Data Definition Language) and DML (Data Manipulation Language) statements in SQL. Provide two examples for each category.

(e) Explain the difference between 3NF (Third Normal Form) and BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form). Provide an example of a relation that is in 3NF but not in BCNF.

Q2. An online learning platform, "EduSphere," needs a database to manage its operations. The requirements are as follows:

• The platform has many Students. Each student is identified by a unique StudentID and has a Name, Email, and RegistrationDate.
• The platform features several Instructors. Each instructor has a unique InstructorID, Name, and a short Bio.
• There are multiple Courses on offer. Each course has a unique CourseID, a Title, Duration (in hours), and a Fee.
• An instructor can teach multiple courses, but each course is taught by only one instructor.
• A student can enroll in multiple courses, and a course can have many students. When a student enrolls, the EnrollmentDate and the final Grade obtained are recorded.

(a) Design a complete ER (Entity-Relationship) diagram for the "EduSphere" platform. Clearly show all entities, attributes (including primary keys), relationships, and their cardinality constraints.

(b) Convert the ER diagram from part (a) into a set of relational schemas (tables). You must underline the primary key for each table and clearly indicate all foreign keys and the tables they reference.

Q3. Consider the following relational schemas for a company database:

• Employees (EmpID, EmpName, Salary, DeptID)
• Departments (DeptID, DeptName)
• Projects (ProjID, ProjName, Lead_EmpID)

Write and execute SQL queries for the following tasks. Make suitable assumptions where necessary.

(a) Create the Employees table with EmpID as the primary key and DeptID as a foreign key referencing the Departments table. The Salary should not be negative. (4 Marks)

(b) List the names and salaries of all employees working in the 'Technology' department, sorted in descending order of their salary.

(c) Find the name of each department and the number of employees working in it. Display only those departments that have more than 10 employees.

(d) Find the names of all employees whose salary is greater than the average salary of all employees in the company.

(e) List the names of all projects along with the name of the employee who is leading the project.

Q4.

(a) Consider the relation R(A, B, C, D, E, F) with the following set of Functional Dependencies (FDs):

(10 Marks)

F = { A → BC, CD → E, B → D, E → A }

(i) Find all the candidate keys for the relation R.

(ii) Is the relation R in 3NF? Justify your answer.

(iii) Decompose the relation R into a set of relations that are in BCNF.

(b) Consider the following schedule S with two transactions T1 and T2:

S: R1(X); W1(X); R2(X); W2(X); R1(Y); W1(Y); Commit1; R2(Y); W2(Y); Commit2;

(i) Draw the precedence (serializability) graph for the schedule S.

(ii) Is the schedule S serializable? If yes, provide the equivalent serial schedule(s). If no, explain why.

iii) Identify any concurrency problems (e.g., Lost Update, Dirty Read) present in this schedule. Explain how the problem occurs.

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