IGNOU BSCG BZYCT 137 Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Solved Assignment ENGLISH
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BZYCT 137: Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
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| Title Name | IGNOU BSCG BZYCT 137 Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Solved Assignment ENGLISH |
|---|---|
| Type | Soft Copy (E-Assignment) .pdf |
| University | IGNOU |
| Degree | BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAMMES |
| Course Code | BSCG |
| Course Name | Bachelor of Science |
| Subject Code | BZYCT 137 |
| Subject Name | Genetics and Evolutionary Biology |
| Year | 2026 |
| Session | - |
| Language | ENGLISH |
| Assignment Code | BZYCT 137/Assignment-1/2026 |
| Product Description | Assignment of BSCG (Bachelor of Science) 2026. Latest BZYCT 137 2026 Solved Assignment Solutions |
| Format | Ready-to-Print PDF (.soft copy) |
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BZYCT 137 (January 2026 - July 2026) - ENGLISH
ASSIGNMENT
(Tutor Marked Assignment)
Course Code: BZYCT-137
Assignment Code: BZYCT-137/TMA/2026
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.
1. Explain Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) and Trisomy 18 (Edward's Syndrome) in detail.
2. Write short notes on the following:
a). Dosage Compensation in Humans
b). Double Helical Structure of DNA
3. What is mutation? Explain mutagenesis and significance of mutation in detail.
4. a). Explain briefly the impacts of Miller's experiments on the theory of origin of life.
b). Discuss "struggle for existence" with reference to evolution.
5. "Industrial melanism is an excellent example to demonstrate the natural selection". Justify the statement.
6. Write the differences between the following pairs:
a). Allopatric and Sympatric speciation
b). Pre-mating and Post-mating isolation
c). Extinction and Pseudoextinction
d). Homologous and Analogous organs
7. a). Define the following terms:
i). Gene
ii). Homozygous
iii). Position effect
iv). Vestigial organs
v). Wallace effect
b). Match the following:
| Column A | Column B |
| i). Meselson and Stahl | a) Pre-zygotic and post-zygotic |
| ii). Codominance | b) Centromere is in middle |
| iii). Metacentric | c) DNA replication is semi-conservative |
| iv). Watson | d) Both the alleles are equally expressed |
| v). Reproductive isolating barriers | e) Established the existence of catalytic RNAs |
8. Explain the clinical significance of Rh antigens in human blood.
9.
a). Explain why did Mendel select pea plants for his experiments.
b). What is crossing over? Give any four features of crossing over.
10. a). "In small populations, the gene frequencies often tend to drift." Justify the statement giving suitable example.
b). Enlist the various changes that took place in the evolution of horse (any five).
BZYCT 137 (January 2026 - July 2026) - ENGLISH
सत्रीय कार्य
(अध्यापक जांच सत्रीय कार्य)
पाठ्यक्रम कोड : BZYCT-137
सत्रीय कार्य कोड : BZYCT-137/TMA/2026
कुल अंक : 100
नोट : सभी प्रश्न कीजिए। हर प्रश्न के आगे अंक दिए गए हैं।
1. एकाधिसूत्रता 21 (डाउन संलक्षण) तथा एकाधिसूत्रता 18 (एडवर्ड संलक्षण) की विस्तार से व्याख्या कीजिए।
2. निम्नलिखित पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणियाँ लिखिए :
(क) मानवों में मात्रा क्षतिपूर्ति
(ख) DNA की दोहरी हेलिक्स (द्विकुंडली) संरचना
3. उत्परिवर्तन क्या होता है? उत्परिवर्तनजन तथा उत्परिवर्तन के महत्त्व की विस्तार से व्याख्या कीजिए।
4. (क) मिलर के प्रयोगों का जीवन के उद्भव के सिद्धांत पर प्रभावों की संक्षेप में व्याख्या कीजिए।
(ख) विकास के संदर्भ में “अतिजीविता के लिए संघर्ष” की चर्चा कीजिए।
5. “व्यवहार में प्राकृतिक वरण के प्रदर्शन के लिए एक श्रेष्ठ उदाहरण औद्योगिक अतिकृष्णता है”। इस कथन की पुष्टि कीजिए।
6. निम्नलिखित युग्मों में अंतर लिखिए :
(क) विस्थानिक और समस्थानिक जाति-उद्भवन
(ख) पूर्व-संगमी तथा पश्च-संगमी पार्थक्य
(ग) विलोपन और छद्मविलोपन
(घ) समवृत्तीय तथा समजातीय अंग
7. (क) निम्नलिखित शब्दों को परिभाषित कीजिए :
i). जीन
ii). समयुग्मकी
iii). स्थान प्रभाव
iv). अवशेषी अंग
v). वैलेस प्रभाव
(ख) निम्नलिखित का मिलान कीजिए :
| कॉलम क | कॉलम ख |
| i). मैसेलसन एवं स्टाल | क) युग्मनजपूर्व और पश्च-युग्मजीय |
| ii). सहप्रभाविता | ख) सेन्ट्रोमियर मध्य में स्थिति होता है |
| iii). मध्यकेंद्री | ग) डी.एन.ए. प्रतिकृतियन अध-संरक्षी होता है |
| iv). वाटसन | घ) दोनों एलील की समान अभिव्यक्ति होती हैं |
| v). जनन पृथक्करण अवरोध | ङ) उत्प्रेरकी RNAs के अस्तित्व को स्थापित किया |
8. मानव रुधिर में Rh एन्टीजन के चिकित्सीय महत्त्व को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
9.
(क) विवेचन कीजिए कि मेन्डल ने अपने परीक्षणों के लिए मटर के पौधो का चयन क्यों किया था।
(ख) जीवन विनिमय क्या है? जीन विनिमय की कोई चार विशेषताएँ बताइए।
10.
(क) "एक छोटी समष्टि में जीन आवृत्तियों की आनुवंशिकी विचलन की प्रवृत्ति होती है"। इस कथन की पुष्टि उचित उदाहरण के साथ कीजिए।
(ख) अश्व के विकास में होने वाले विभिन्न परिवर्तनों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए (कोई पाँच)।
BZYCT 137 2025 - English
ASSIGNMENT
(Tutor Marked Assignment)
Course Code: BZYCT-137
Assignment Code: BZYCT-137/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.
1.i) How is co-dominance different from incomplete dominance?
ii)Explain the phenomenon of masking the expression of a gene by another in epistasis.
2.In Drosophila, the recessive, sex-linked genes, abnormal eyes facet (fa) and singed bristles (sn) show 18 percent recombination.
a) If a singed male is crossed to a female, what phenotypes are expected in the F1?
b) If the F₁ males and females are inbred, what phenotypic proportions would be expected to occur in F₂ males and females?
ii) Two recessive genes, ds and up are present in com. These are linked and are 20 map units apart. From the cross:
What percentage of the progeny would be expected to be both ds and mp in the phenotype?
3.a)In the following statements, choose the alternate correct word given in parenthesis.
(i) The DNA regions in chloroplast could be observed under (light microscope/electron microscope).
ii) The regions containing cpDNA are called (nucleoids/celluloids).
iii) Each nucleoid contains (a single/a few) copies of DNA.
iv) The cpDNA and surDNA are usually (circular/linear) in nature.
v) Both chloroplast and mitochondria contain (a few/many) copies of DNA.
vi) The DNA of yeast is (bigger/smaller) than w/DNA of humans.
vii) The occurrence of introns is discovered in (yeast/human).
b) Which among the following statements are correct?
i) Mitochondria contain 80 S ribosomes.
ii) The mRNA encoded by nuclear genes for the smaller subunit of RuBisCo is translated in the chloroplast.
iii) The inheritance of chloroplast genome is independent of nuclear genome.
4.i) Define mutation. Explain the following types of mutations briefly:
a) Induced mutations
b) Suppressor mutations
ii) What are transposable genetic elements? How they can cause mutations?
5.i) Industrial melanism is an excellent model to demonstrate the natural selection in action. Analyze the above statement critically.
ii) What do you understand by sexual selection? Illustrate your answer with a suitable example.
6. Define the following terms:
i) Heterozygous
ii) Chromosome mapping
iii) Genetic drift
iv) Frame shift mutation
v) Dosage compensation
7. What is speciation? Explain the mode of speciation.
8.i) Write a note on the applications of polyploidy.
ii) Explain the natural causes of extinction of a species.
9. Explain the Trisomy 13 - Patau syndrome in detail.
10. Explain in detail the technique used for determining the age of rocks.
BZYCT 137 2025 - Hindi
सत्रीय कार्य (अध्यापक जांच सत्रीय कार्य)
पाठ्यक्रम कोड: BZYCT-137 सत्रीय कार्य कोड: BZYCT-137/TMA/2025
कुल अंक : 100
नोट: सभी प्रश्न कीजिए। हर प्रश्न के आगे अंक दिए गए हैं।
1.i) सह-प्रभाविता किस प्रकार अपूर्ण प्रभाविता से भिन्न हैं?
ii) एपीस्टेटिस में अन्य जीन द्वारा जीन की अभिव्यक्ति को ढक/छुपा देने की परिघटना को समझाइए।
2.i) ड्रोसोफिला में, प्रसामान्य नेत्र फलक (facet fa) और सिंग्ड शूक (singed bristles - sh) जीन अप्रभावी तथा लिंग सहलग्न हैं। ये 18 प्रतिशत पुनर्योजन दर्शाते हैं।
क) अगर एक सिंग्ड नर का मादा से संकरण किया जाता है तो F₁में कौन-से लक्षणप्ररूपी अनुपातों की आशा है?
ख) अगर F₁ नरों और मादाओं का अंतःप्रजनन किया जाता है तो F2 नरों और मादाओं में कौन-से लक्षणप्ररूपी अनुपातों की आशा है?
ii) मक्का में दो अप्रभावी जीन ds और mp मौजूद हैं। ये सहलग्न हैं और 20 मानचित्र यूनिट दूर है।
संकरण से लक्षणप्ररूपों में ds और mp दोनों की कितनी प्रतिशत संतति की आशा की जा सकती हैं?
3.क) नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों में कोष्ठकों में दिए गए शब्दों में से सही वैकल्पिक शब्द छांटिए :
i) क्लोरोप्लास्ट में DNA (प्रकाश सूक्ष्मदर्शी/इलेक्ट्रॉन सूक्ष्मदर्शी) के नीचे प्रेक्षित किए जा सकते हैं यानि कि देखे जा सकते हैं।
ii) जिन स्थानों में cpDNA स्थित होता है, वे (केन्द्रकाय/सेलुलॉयड) कहलाते हैं।
iii) प्रत्येक केन्द्रकाय में DNA की (एक ही प्रति / अनेक प्रतिया) होती हैं
iv) cpDNA और mtDNA आमतौर पर (वृत्तीय/ रेखीय) होते हैं।
v) क्लोरोप्लास्ट और माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया दोनों में DNA की (कुछ / अनेक) प्रतियां होती हैं।
vi) मानव के mtDNA के के बजाय खमीर का mtDNA (बड़ा / छोटा) होता हैं।
vii) इन्ट्रॉन खंड (खमीर / मानव) mtDNA में खोजे गए हैं।
ख) नीचे दिए गए कथनों में कौन से सही हैं और कौन से गलत हैं।
i) माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया में 80S राइबोसोम होते हैं।
ii) रुबिस्को के छोटे उपएकक को बनाने के लिए केन्द्रीय जीन द्वारा कूटलेखित mRNA क्लोरोप्लास्ट में स्थानांतरित होता है।
iii) क्लोरोप्लास्ट संजीन की वंशागति केन्द्रीय संजीन से स्वतंत्र है।
4. i) उत्परिवर्तन को परिभाषित कीजिए। निम्नलिखित प्रकार के उत्परिवर्तन को संक्षेप में समझाइएः
(क) प्रेरित उत्परिवर्तन
(ख) दमनकारी उत्परिवर्तन
ii) ट्रांसपोजेबल आनुवंशिक तत्त्व क्या होते हैं? वे उत्परिवर्तन कैसे पैदा करते हैं?
5. i) व्यपहार में प्राकृतिक वरण को दिखाने के लिए एक श्रेष्ठ मॉडल औद्योगिक अतिकृष्णता है। इस कथन का विवेचनात्मक विश्लेषण कीजिए।
ii) लैंगिक वरण से आप क्या समझते हैं? एक अच्छे उदाहरण के साथ उत्तर दीजिए।
6. निम्नलिखित पदों को परिभाषित कीजिए :
i) विषमयुम्मजी
ii) आनुवंशिक मानचित्रण
iii) आनुवंशिक विचलन
iv) फ्रेम शिफ्ट उत्परिवर्तन
v)मात्रा मात्रा
7. जाति उद्भवन क्या है? जाति उद्भवन की विधि समझाइए।
8. i) बहुगुणिता के अनुप्रयोग पर नोट लिखिए।
ii) जातियों के विलुप्त होने के प्राकृतिक कारणों को समझाइए।
9. त्रिगुणसूत्रता 13-पटाउ सिन्ड्रोम को विस्तार से समझाइए।
10. चट्टानों की उम्र के निर्धारण करने की तकनीक विस्तार से समझाइए ।
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Subject: BZYCT 137 - Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
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| Course Name | Bachelor of Science |
| Course Code | BSCG |
| Subject Code | BZYCT 137 |
| Subject | Genetics and Evolutionary Biology |
| Programme | BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAMMES Courses |
| Language | ENGLISH |
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Check the Status:Review the available submission, evaluation and marks information.
A Quick Tip for IGNOU Students
Assignments are an important part of the IGNOU evaluation process. Preparing themcarefully, understanding the questions, following the prescribed format and submittingthem within the applicable deadline can help you stay on track academically.
Smart Study + Proper Preparation + Timely Submission = Better Academic Planning
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