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Title Name IGNOU BSCFMT BZYCT 133 Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates Solved Assignment ENGLISH
Type Soft Copy (E-Assignment) .pdf
University IGNOU
Degree BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Code BSCFMT
Course Name Bachelor of Science (Mathematics)
Subject Code BZYCT 133
Subject Name Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates
Year 2026
Session -
Language ENGLISH
Assignment Code BZYCT 133/Assignment-1/2026
Product Description Assignment of BSCFMT (Bachelor of Science (Mathematics)) 2026. Latest BZYCT 133 2026 Solved Assignment Solutions
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BZYCT 133 (January 2026 - July 2026) - ENGLISH

ASSIGNMENT

(Tutor Marked Assignment)

Course Code: BZYCT-133

Assignment Code: BZYCT-133/TMA/2026

Maximum Marks: 100

Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.

1.

i) List the primary divisions of the nervous system and their subdivisions.

ii) List the cranial nerves of special senses and the nerves that innervate the eye muscles.

2. Describe specialised sensory organs of vertebrates and relate their role to their habitat.

3. How is the respiratory system of birds modified to meet their high oxygen requirement? How is it different from the respiratory system of mammals?

4. Answer the following questions in short.

i) What are the three sets of paired veins present in the early embryonic stage of vertebrates?

ii) What are the veins in fishes that bring blood from the fins?

iii) What is the fate of lateral abdominal veins in teleosts and lung fishes?

iv) What are precaval veins?

v) Why are large cutaneous veins present in amphibians?

5. Briefly write the functions of the following hormones secreted in mammals.

a) Adrenocoricotropic hormone

b) Parathormone

c) Aldosterone

d) Testosterone

e) Progesterone

6. Explain the role of fate maps and patterns of development.

7. i) How would you define a ligand in cell-to cell signalling?

ii) What is the difference between juxtacrine and paracrine signalling?

iii) How is EMT used in the embryo and in the adult?

8. List at least three stages in gene expression that can be regulated to result in differentiated cell types? Explain any one of them with the help of an example.

9. Describe the process of neurulation in frog.

10. Define the following terms:

i) Blastoderm

ii) Morphogenetic movements

iii) Fate maps

iv) Epiblast

v) Inner cell mass


BZYCT 133 (January 2026 - July 2026) - ENGLISH

सत्रीय कार्य
(अध्यापक जांच सत्रीय कार्य)

पाठ्यक्रम कोड : BZYCT-133

सत्रीय कार्य कोड : BZYCT-133/TMA/2026

कुल अंक : 100

नोट : सभी प्रश्न कीजिए। हर प्रश्न के आगे अंक दिए गए हैं।

1. 

क) तंत्रिका तंत्र के प्राथमिक प्रभागों और उनके उपप्रभागों की सारिणी बनाएँ।

ख) विशेष इंद्रियों की कपाल तंत्रिकाओं और आँखों की पेशियों को अनुप्राणित करने वाली तंत्रिकाओं की सूची बनाएं।

2. कशेरुकी प्राणियों के विशेषीकृत संवेदी अंगों का वर्णन कीजिए उनकी भूमिका को उनके पर्यावास से संबद्ध कीजिए।

3.पक्षियों का श्वसन तंत्र उनकी अधिक ऑक्सीजन आवश्यकता के अनुसार किस प्रकार रूपांतरित रहता है? यह स्तनधारी जीवों के श्वसन तंत्र से किस प्रकार भिन्न होता है?

4. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का संक्षेप में उत्तर दीजिए :

i) आरम्भिक भ्रूण अवस्था में पायी जाने वाली युग्मित शिराओं के तीन समुच्चय कौन-कौन से हैं?

ii) मछलियों में फ़िनों से रक्त लाने वाली शिराएं कौन-कौन सी हैं?

iii) टीलीयोस्टों तथा फुफ्फुस मीनों में पार्श्व उदर शिराओं की क्या नियति रही हैं?

iv) अग्र महाशिराएं क्या होती है?

v) उभयचरों में बड़ी त्वचीय शिराएं क्यों पायी जाती हैं?

5. स्तनधारियों में निम्नलिखित हॉर्मोनों के कार्यों को संक्षेप में लिखिए :

i) एड्रिनोकोर्टिकोट्रोपिक हॉर्मोन,

ii) पैराथॉर्मोन

iii) आल्डोस्टेरॉन

iv) टेस्टोस्टेरॉन

v) प्रोजेस्टेरॉन

6. कोशिका नियति मानचित्रों और परिवर्धन प्रतिरूपों (पैटर्न) की भूमिका का वर्णन कीजिए।

7. i) कोशिका-से-कोशिका संकेतन में आप लिगैण्ड को कैसे परिभाषित करेंगे?

ii) जक्स्टाक्राइन और पैराक्राइन संकेतन के बीच क्या अन्तर है?

iii) भ्रूण में और वयस्क जीव में EMT का उपयोग कैसे होता है?

8. जीन अभिव्यक्ति में कम से कम तीन चरण सूचीबद्ध करें जिन्हें विभेदित कोशिका प्रकारों को बनाने के लिए विनियमित किया जा सकता है? एक उदाहरण की सहायता से उनमें से किसी एक की व्याख्या करें।

9. मेंढक में तंत्रिकाभवन की प्रक्रिया का वर्णन करें।

10. निम्नलिखित पदों को परिभाषित कीजिए :

क) ब्लास्टोडर्म

ख) संरचनात्मक चलन

ग) नियति मानचित्र

घ) एपीब्लास्ट

ड़) अंतः कोशिकीय द्रव्यमान


BZYCT 133 2025 - English

ASSIGNMENT

(Tutor Marked Assignment)

Course Code: BZYCT-133

Assignment Code: BZYCT-133/TMA/2025

Maximum Marks: 100

Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.

1. a) Explain keratinization in terrestrial vertebrates.

b) Give five features that you can use to distinguish between the skulls of frog and rabbit.

2.a) Explain the major differences between reptilian and avian digestive systems.

b) Describe the structure of the respiratory system of cartilaginous fishes and state how does it differ from that of bony fishes.

3. a) Discuss lymphatic system in different vertebrates.

b)Write short notes on:

i) Blood filteration in kidney

ii) Types of mammalian uteri

4.a) Which part of the brain is well developed in all vertebrates and why?

b) What are pit organs in reptiles? How do vipers and boas locate prey?

5. Briefly write the functions of the following hormones secreted in mammals.

a) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

b)Parathormone

c) Aldosterone

d) Testosterone

e) Progesterone

6. List at least three stages in gene expression that can be regulated to result in differentiated cell types? Explain any one of them with the help of an example.

7. Describe the mechanisms evolved by eggs to prevent polyspermy.

8. Make a flow chart to show the events in metamorphosis.

9.Discuss the process of development of extra embryonic membranes in chick.

10. a) Draw a flow chart to show how the three germinal layers are derived from the zygote.

b) How do genetic and environmental defects cause problems in embryonic development?


BZYCT 133 (January 2025 - July 2025) - HINDI

सत्रीय कार्य (अध्यापक जांच सत्रीय कार्य)

पाठ्यक्रम कोड: BZYCT-133

सत्रीय कार्य कोड: BZYCT-133/TMA/2024

कुल अंक : 100

नोट: सभी प्रश्न कीजिए। र प्रश्न के आगे बंक दिए गए हैं।

1.क) स्थलीय कशेरुकियों में किरेटिनीकरण की प्रक्रिया को समझाइए।

ख)मेढ़क और खरगोश की कोटि के बीच अन्तर करने के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली पांच विशेषताएं लिखिए।

2.क) सरीतूपों तथा पक्षियों के पाचन तंत्रों में मुख्य अंतर क्या हैं, समझाइए। 

ख) उपास्थिलय मछली के श्वसनतंत्र की संरचना का वर्णन कीजिए और बताइए कि ये किस प्रकार अस्थिल मीन के श्वसनतंत्र की संरचना से भिन्न होती हैं।

3. क) विभिन्न कशेरुकियों में लसीका तंत्र की चर्चा कीजिए। 

ख) निम्न पर लघुटिषणी लिखिए : 

i) गुर्दों में रक्त नित्पंदन

ii) स्तनधारीय गर्भाशयों के प्रकार

4.क) मस्तिष्क का कौन सा भाग सभी कोरुकियों में अच्छी तरह से विकसित होता है और क्यों?

(6) ख) सरीसृपों में पिट अंग क्या होते हैं? बाइपर और बोआ किस प्रकार शिकार का पता लगाते हैं?

5. स्तनधारियों में निम्नलिखित हॉर्मोनों के कार्यों को संक्षेप में लिखिए 

(i)एड्रिनोकॉर्टिकोट्रॉपिक हॉर्मोन

(ii)एल्डोस्टेरोन

iv) टेस्टोस्टेरॉन

v) प्रोजेस्टेरोन

6. जीन अभिव्यक्ति में कम से कम तीन चरण सूचीबद्ध करें जिन्हें विभेदित कोशिका प्रकारों को बनाने के लिए विनियमित किया जा सकता है? एक उदाहरण की सहायता से उनमें से किसी एक की व्याख्या करें।

7. अंडों द्वारा बहुशुक्राणुता को रोकने के लिए विकसित की गई क्रियाविधियों का वर्णन कीजिए।

कामांतरण में घटनाओं को दर्शाने के लिए एक रेखा चित्र (पलो चार्ट) बनाएँ।

9. मुर्गी में बाह्य भ्रूणीय झिल्लियों के विकास के प्रक्रम का वर्णन कीजिए। 

10.क) युग्मनज से तीन जनन स्तरों का बनना एक चार्ट द्वारा दिखाएं। 

ख) आनुवांशिक और पर्यावरणीय दोष किस प्रकार क्षणीय विकास को प्रभावित करते ? 

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Subject: BZYCT 133 - Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates
Session: January 2026 - December 2026
Language: ENGLISH

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Course Name Bachelor of Science (Mathematics)
Course Code BSCFMT
Subject Code BZYCT 133
Subject Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates
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Language ENGLISH
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