IGNOU BSCFBC BCHCT 133 Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I Solved Assignment ENGLISH

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Title Name	IGNOU BSCFBC BCHCT 133 Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I Solved Assignment ENGLISH
Type	Soft Copy (E-Assignment) .pdf
University	IGNOU
Degree	BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Code	BSCFBC
Course Name	Bachelor of Science (Biochemistry)
Subject Code	BCHCT 133
Subject Name	Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I
Year	2026
Session	-
Language	ENGLISH
Assignment Code	BCHCT 133/Assignment-1/2026
Product Description	Assignment of BSCFBC (Bachelor of Science (Biochemistry)) 2026. Latest BCHCT 133 2026 Solved Assignment Solutions
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BCHCT 133 (January 2026 - July 2026) - ENGLISH

Tutor Marked Assignment
CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA AND
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
Core Course in Chemistry

Course Code: BCHCT-133
Assignment Code: BCHCT-133/TMA/2026
Maximum Marks: 100

Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.

PART A: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS AND EQUILIBRIA

1. List the differences between thermodynamically reversible and irreversible processes with the suitable examples

2. Derive a relation between temperature and volume for an adiabatic process. $1.00\text{ mole}$ of helium gas at temperature of $100\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ undergoes reversible adiabatic expansion from an initial volume of $5\text{ dm}^3$ to $30\text{ dm}^3$ . Calculate the final temperature of the gas by assuming that the helium behaves ideally and has $C_{V,m} = 12.47\text{ JK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}$ .

3. Two molecule of $\alpha-D-\text{glucose}$ condense in enzyme catalyzed reaction to give a molecule of disaccharide, maltose. Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction. The enthalpies of combustion of crystalline $\alpha-D-\text{glucose}$ and maltose at $25\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ are $-2809.1\text{ kJmol}^{-1}$ and $5645.5\text{ kJmol}^{-1}$ , respectively.

4. (a) Differentiate between enthalpy driven and entropy driven reactions with the help of suitable examples.

(b) What is the chemical potential? Explain it with its significance.

5. In the equilibrium mixture of three ideal gases A, B, C $A\text{ }(g) \rightleftharpoons B\text{ }(g) + C\text{ }(g)$ obtained by dissociation of A to the extent of $20\%$ at a total pressure of $1.0\text{ atm}$ , what are the partial pressure of A, B and C.

6. Consider the following reaction
$$N_2 + 3H_2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3$ $
In which direction, towards reactants and towards products, does the reaction shift if the equilibrium is stressed by each change? (i) H₂ is added (ii) NH₃ is added (iii) NH₃ is removed.

7. (a) Which factor affect the degree of ionization of weak electrolyte. Explain in brief.

(b) Calculate the pH of 0.010 M aqueous solution of NaOH at 25 $^\circ$ C.

8. (a) Explain the effect of common ion on the ionization equilibrium of weak acids with the help of a suitable example.

(b) The pH of an aqueous solution of lactic acid CH₃CH(OH)COOH-a weak acid was found to be 2.7. Calculate the concentration of solution if K_a for lactic acid is $1.4 \times 10^{-4}$ .

9. Arrange the following salt of magnesium in the order of increasing solubilities.
$MgF₂, MgCO₃, Mg₃(PO₄)₂$
[Given: $K_{sp}(MgF_2) = 3.7 \times 10^{-8}; K_{sp}(MgF_2) = 3.5 \times 10^{-8};$ and
$$K_{sp}(MgF_2) = 1.0 \times 10^{-25} \text{ at } 25 \text{ }^\circ\text{C}.]$ $

10. A 1.00 mol sample of NOCl was placed in a 2.00 L reactor and heated to 227 $^\circ$ C until the system reached equilibrium. The contents of the reactor were then analyzed and found to contain 0.056 mol of Cl₂. Calculate K at this temperature. The equation for the decomposition of NOCl to NO and Cl₂ is as follows:
$$2NOCl(g) \rightarrow 2NO(g) + Cl_2(g)$

PART B: FUNCTIONAL GROUP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

11. (a) What is Hückel rule? Define this with suitable example.

(b) How would you prepare benzene from ethyne? Write its mechanism.

12. (a) What are the limitations of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions?

(b) Write the product of the following reactions.

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-chemical-95873

13. (a) Write the mechanism of chlorination of methyl benzene.

(b) Predict the reactant of the following reaction:

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-group-75425

14. (a) Arrange the following molecules in order of increasing boiling points. Give reason for this trend: CHCl₃, CH₂Cl₂, CH₃Cl, CCl₄

(b) Complete the following reactions

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-solved-31415

15. (a) Which of the following compounds undergo S_N1/S_N2 reaction? Explain.

(i) Benzyl chloride;
(ii) Chlorobenzene;
(iii) Chloroethene;
(iv) Chloroethyne

(b) Write the product and mechanism of the following reaction

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-ignou-41045

16. Complete the following reaction and write its mechanism:

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-energetics-32334

17. Write the mechanism of the formation of salicylic acid from phenol.

18. (a) Give two important features of the crown ethers.

(b) Write product for the following reactions:

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-chemistryi-95942

19. How will you prepare primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols from same Grignard reagent?

20. How will you bring about following conversions?

a) Benzaldehyde to cinnamaldehyde

b) Benzaldehyde to cinnamic acid

c) Acetophenone to dypnone

d) Acetophenone to 1,2,3-triphenylbenzene

e) Acetophenone to 1-Phenyl-1,3-butanedione

BCHCT 133 (January 2026 - July 2026) - ENGLISH

शिक्षक जांच सत्रीय कार्य
रासायनिक और्जिकी, साम्य और अभिलक्षकीय समूह कार्बनिक रसायन-I
रसायन विज्ञान का मुख्य पाठ्यक्रम

पाठ्यक्रम कोड: BCHCT-133
सत्रीय कार्य कोड: BCHCT-133/TMA/2026
अधिकतम अंक: 100

नोट: सभी प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें। प्रत्येक प्रश्न के अंक उसके सामने दिए गए हैं।

भाग अ: रासायनिक और्जिकी और साम्य

1. ऊष्मागतिकीय उत्क्रमणीय और अनुत्क्रमणीय प्रक्रियाओं के बीच के अंतरों को उपयुक्त उदाहरणों सहित सूचीबद्ध कीजिए।

2. रूद्धोष्म प्रक्रिया के लिए तापमान और आयतन के बीच संबंध ज्ञात कीजिए। $100\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ ताप पर हीलियम गैस के एक मोल का उत्क्रमणीय समतापी प्रसार प्रारंभिक आयतन $4.00\text{ dm}^3$ से $20.00\text{ dm}^3$ तक होने दिया जाता है। यह मानते हुए कि हीलियम आदर्श गैस की तरह व्यवहार करती है, गैस का अंतिम ताप ज्ञात करें। दिया है: $C_{v,m} = 12.47\text{ JK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}$

3. एक एंजाइम उत्प्रेरित अभिक्रिया में $\alpha\text{-D-}$ ग्लूकोस के दो अणु संघनित होकर डाइसैकेराइड, माल्टोस का एक अणु बनाते हैं, अभिक्रिया की एन्थैल्पी का परिकलन करें। $298\text{ K}$ पर क्रिस्टलीय $\alpha\text{-D-}$ ग्लूकोस और माल्टोस की दहन एन्थैल्पियाँ क्रमशः $-2809.1\text{ kJmol}^{-1}$ और $5645.5\text{ kJmol}^{-1}$ हैं।

4. (क) उपयुक्त उदाहरणों की सहायता से एन्थैल्पी-संचालित और एंट्रॉपी-संचालित अभिक्रियाओं के बीच अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ख) रासायनिक विभव क्या है? इसके महत्व सहित इसकी व्याख्या कीजिए।

5. तीन आदर्श गैसों A, B, C के साम्य मिश्रण में, $A(g) \rightleftharpoons B(g) + C(g)$ , 1.0 वायुमंडल के कुल दाब पर A के $20\%$ तक विघटन द्वारा प्राप्त हुआ, A, B और C की आंशिक दाब क्या होगी?

6. साम्य पर दी गई अभिक्रिया के लिए :
$$N_2 + 3\text{ }H_2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3$ $
यदि साम्य को निम्नलिखित परिवर्तन द्वारा परिवर्तित किया जाए तो अभिक्रिया किस दिशा में, अभिकारकों की ओर अथवा उत्पादों की ओर स्थानांतरित होगी?
(i) H₂ को मिलाने पर
(ii) NH₃ को मिलाने पर
(iii) NH₃ को निकालने पर

7. (क) कौन से कारक दुर्बल इलेक्ट्रोलाइट के आयनीकरण की मात्रा को प्रभावित करते हैं? संक्षेप में समझाइए।
(ख) 298 K पर NaOH के जलीय विलयन के लिए pH मान का परिकलन करें।

8. (क) उपयुक्त उदाहरण देकर दुर्बल अम्लों के आयनन साम्य पर सम आयनों के प्रभाव को समझाइए।
(ख) एक दुर्बल अम्ल, लैक्टिक अम्ल () के जलीय विलयन का pH का मान 2.7 पाया गया है। यदि लैक्टिक अम्ल के लिए $K_{a} = 1.4 \times 10^{-4}$ हो तो विलयन की सांद्रता ज्ञात कीजिए।

9. मैग्नीशियम के निम्नलिखित लवणों को उनकी विलययता के बढ़ते क्रम में लिखे
$$MgF_2, \quad MgCO_3, Mg_3(PO_4)_2$ $
[दिया है: $K_{sp}(MgF_2) = 3.7 \times 10^{-8}; \quad K_{sp}(MgF_2) = 3.5 \times 10^{-8};$ और
$K_{sp}(MgF_2) = 1.0 \times 10^{-25}$ at $25\text{ }^\circ\text{C}.]$

10. NOCl के 1.00 मोल के नमूने को 2.00 L के रिएक्टर में रखा गया और $227\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ तक गर्म किया गया जब तक कि तंत्र संतुलन में नहीं आ गया। इसके बाद रिएक्टर के भीतर मौजूद पदार्थों का विश्लेषण किया गया और उसमें 0.056 मोल पाया गया। इस तापमान पर की गणना कीजिए। NOCl के NO और में अपघटन का समीकरण इस प्रकार है:
$$2NOCl(g) \rightarrow 2NO(g) + Cl_2(g)$ $
भाग ख: कार्यात्मक समूह, कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान

11. (क) हकल का नियम क्या है? उपयुक्त उदाहरण सहित इसे परिभाषित कीजिए।
(ख) आप एथाइन से बेंजीन कैसे तैयार करेंगे? इसकी क्रियाविधि लिखिए।
12. (क) फ्राइडल-क्राफ्ट एल्किलीकरण अभिक्रियाओं की सीमाएँ क्या हैं?
(ख) निम्नलिखित अभिक्रियाओं से प्राप्त उत्पाद की संरचना लिखिए।

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-ignou-86404

13. (क) मेथिल बेंजीन के क्लोरीनीकरण की क्रियाविधि लिखिए।

(ख) निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया के अभिकारक का अनुमान लगाइएः

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-energetics-74368

14. (ए) निम्नलिखित अणुओं को बढ़ते हुए क्वथनांकों के क्रम में व्यवस्थित कीजिए। इस प्रवृत्ति का कारण बताइएः

CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3CL, CCl4

(ख) निम्नलिखित अभिक्रियाओं को पूर्ण कीजिए।

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-chemistryi-97399

15. (क) निम्नलिखित में से कौन S_N1/S_N2 अभिक्रिया करेगा? समझाइए।
(i) बेन्जाइल क्लोराइड; (ii) क्लोरोबेन्ज़ीन; (iii) क्लोरोएथेन; (iv) क्लोरोएथाइन

(ख) निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया के उत्पाद और क्रियाविधि लिखिए।

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-academy-36848

16. निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया को पूर्ण कीजिए और इसकी क्रियाविधि लिखिएः

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-bchct-91249

17. फिनोल से सैलिसिलिक एसिड के निर्माण की क्रियाविधि लिखिए।

18. (क) क्राउन ईथर की दो महत्वपूर्ण विशेषताएं बताइए।

(ख) निम्नलिखित अभिक्रियाओं के लिए उत्पाद लिखिएः

Image ignouacademy-com-ignou-bscfbc-bchct-133-solved-assignment-html-p-group-32932

19. आप एक ही ग्रिग्नार्ड अभिकर्मक से प्राथमिक, द्वितीयक और तृतीयक अल्कोहल कैसे तैयार करेंगे?

20. आप निम्नलिखित रूपांतरण कैसे लाएंगे?
(क) बेंजालिहाइड से सिनामाल्डिहाइड
(ख) बेंजालिहाइड से सिनामिक एसिड में परिवर्तन
(ग) एसीटोफेनोन से डाइनोन
(घ) एसीटोफेनोन से 1,2,3-ट्राइफेनिलबेंजीन
(ङ) एसीटोफेनोन से 1-फेनिल-1,3-ब्यूटानेडियोन में परिवर्तन

BCHCT 133 2025 - English

ASSIGNMENT

CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY I

Core Course in Chemistry

Course Code: BCHCT-133

Assignment Code: BCHCT-133/TMA/2025

Maximum Marks: 100

Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.

PART A: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS AND EQUILIBRIA

1. (a) (i) Define chemical thermodynamics and outline its significance.

(ii) Explain the concept of thermodynamic reversibility with the help of a suitable example.

(b) (i) 223 J of heat was supplied to a thermodynamic system and its internal energy was found to decrease by 92 J. Calculate the amount of associated work and state whether the work was done by the system or done on the system?

(ii) Derive the relationship between the temperature and pressure for a reversible adiabatic process.

2. (a) (i) 0.5 mole of an ideal gas is taken in a container at 298 K. Calculate the values of its heat capacities at constant pressure and at constant volume conditions.

(ii) 1 mole of an ideal gas is allowed to undergo isothermal reversible expansion at 25°C from a volume of 10 dm³ to 20 dm³ . Calculate the maximum amount of work done by the gas on the surroundings.

(b) (i) Derive the relationship between $Delta _{r}U$ and $Delta _{r}H$ .

(ii) Describe the method for experimental determination of energy changes accompanying chemical reactions under constant volume conditions.

3. (a) (i) State Hess’ law of constant heat summation and give its significance

(ii) Using the bond enthalpy datafrom Table 3.2 of (Unit 3; p, 76), calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation of 1–propene.

(b) (i) Give the mathematical expressions for the thermodynamic and statistical definitions of entropy.

(ii) Explain the effect of temperature on the enthalpy of a reaction and derive the Kirchhoff’s equation.

4. (a) (i) What is residual entropy? What kind of systems show residual entropy?

(ii) Explain the difference between enthalpy driven and entropy driven reactions.

(b) (i) Define equilibrium constant and write the expressions for concentration equilibrium constant for the following reaction

$N_{2}(g)+3H_{2}(g) ightleftharpoons 2NH_{3}(g)$

(ii) For the following equilibrium reaction

$2SO_{2}(g)+o_{2}(g) ightleftharpoons 2so_{3}(g)K_{c}=245(at;100;K)$

the equilibrium concentrations are [SO₂]=0.204,[O₂]=0.0264 and [SO₃]=0.368. Show that the equilibrium will shift towards the reactants side if the concentration of SO₂ is suddenly doubled.

5. (a) (i) Define degree of hydrolysis and derive its relationship with hydrolysis constant

(ii) Explain the effect of addition of inert gas to a gaseous equilibrium reaction under the conditions of i) constant volume and ii) constant pressure.

(b) (i) Calculate the pH of 0.1 M aqueous solution of sodium formate at 298 K. [Given: Ka (HCOOH) =1.7 X 10⁻⁴at 298K

(ii) Define solubility product constant and derive an expression for the solubility product constant for a sparingly soluble salt of M2A3 type having a solubility of S mol dm^–3 .

PART B: FUNCTIONAL GROUP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

6. (a) Both 1, 3, 5-cycloheptatrienyl cation and 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene have 6 π elections , comments on the aromaticity of these compounds.

(b) Discuss the role of Lewis acids in halogenations and alkylation reactions of benzene. Write the limitations of Freidel Crafts alkylation reaction.

7. (a) Nitro group is meta directing, explain.

(b) Nitro group is meta directing, explain.

8. (a) What is aldol condensation? Write its mechanism.

(b) Arrange the following in order of their increasing reactivity towards SN2 substitution reactions: bromomethane, 1-bromo-propane, 2-bromopropane, 2- bormo-2-methyl propane. Justify your answer.

9. a) Write their representative reaction for the following reactions.

b)Sandmeyer reaction

c)Reimer-Tiemann reaction Mannich reaction

d)Willgerodt reaction

e) Knoevenagel reaction

10 (a) Write the mechanism of Pinacol-pinacolone reaction.

(b) How you will introduce a formyl group into phenol ring.

BCHCT 133 2025 - Hindi

शिक्षक जांच सत्रीय कार्य

रासायनिक और्जिकी, साम्य और अभिलक्षकीय समूह कार्बनिक रसायन-।

रसायन विज्ञान का मूल पाठ्यक्रम

पाठ्यक्रम कोड: BCHCT-133

सत्रीय कार्य कोड: BCHCT-133/ΤΜΑ /2025

अधिकतम अंक: 100

नोट: सभी प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए। प्रश्नों के समान दायीं ओर कोष्ठक में दिए गए हैं।

भाग कः रासायनिक और्जिकी, और साम्य

1.(क) (i) रासायनिक ऊष्मागतिकी को परिभाषित कीजिए और उसका महत्व बताइए।

(ii) उपयुक्त उदाहरण की सहायता से ऊष्मागतिक उत्क्रमणीयता की संकल्पना को समझाइए।

(ख)(i) एक ऊष्मागतिक तंत्र को 223 J ऊष्मा दी गई, तथा इसकी आंतरिक ऊर्जा 92J कम हो गई। इससे संबद्ध कार्य की मात्रा को परिकलित कीजिए तथा बताइए कि क्या तंत्र द्वारा कार्य किया गया अथवा तंत्र पर कार्य किया गया।

(ii) उत्क्रमणीय रुद्घोष्म प्रसार के लिए दाब और ताप के बीच संबंध स्थापित कीजिए।

2.(क)(i) 298K पर आदर्श गैस के 0.5 मोल एक पात्र में लिया गया है। स्थिर दाब तथा स्थिर आयतन की परिस्थियों में इसकी ऊष्मा धारिताओं का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

(ख) (ii) 1.0 मोल आदर्श गैस को 25°C पर 10 dm³ से 20 dm³ आयतन तक समतापी उत्क्रमणीय प्रसारण करने दिया गया। इस प्रसार से गैस द्वारा किया गया अधिकतम कार्य परिकलित कीजिए।

(क)(i) AU और AH के मध्य संबध व्युत्पन्न कीजिए।

(ख)(ii)स्थिर आयतन की अवस्था में, रासायनिक अभिक्रियाओं के समय होने वाले ऊर्जा परिवर्तनों के प्रयोगात्मक निर्धारण की विधि का वर्णन कीजिए।

3.(क) (i) हेरा का रिवर ऊष्मा संकलन का नियम और उराका महत्व बताएं।

(ii)सारणी 3.2 से बंध एन्थैल्पीआँकड़ों का उपयोगकरके 1-प्रोपीन के हाइड्रोजनीकरण की एन्थैल्पी परिकलित कीजिए।

(ख)(i) एन्ट्रॉपी की ऊष्मागतिक व सांख्यिकीय परिभाषाओं से संबद्ध गणितीय व्यंजक बताएं।

(ii) ध्कसी अभिक्रिया की एन्थैल्पी पर ताप का प्रभाव समझाएं और किरखोव समीकरण व्युत्पन्न करें।

4.(क)(i) अवशिष्ट एन्ट्रॉपी क्या होती है? किस प्रकार के तंत्र अवशिष्ट एन्ट्रॉपी दर्शाते हैं?

(ii)एन्थैल्पी संचालित तथा एन्ट्रॉपी संचालित अभिक्रियाओं के बीच अंतर की व्याख्या करें।

(ख)(i) साम्यस्थिरांक को परिभाषित कीजिए तथा निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया के लिए सांद्रता साम्यस्थिरांक का व्यंजक लिखिए।

(ii)निम्नलिखित साम्य अभिक्रिया

$2SO_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g) ightleftharpoons 2SO_{3}(g)quad K_{c}=245 ext{at 100 K}$

के लिए साम्यसांद्रताएं [SO₂] =0.204, [0₂]=0.0264 तथा [SO₃]=0.368 हैं। दर्शाएं कि यदि SO₂ की सांद्रता को अचानक दो गुणा कर दिया जाए तो साम्य अभिकारकों की दिशा में स्थानांतरित हो जाएगा।

5.(क)(i) जल अपघटनांक को परिभाषित कीजिए तथा उसका जलापघटन स्थिरांक के साथ संबंध स्थापित कीजिए।

(ii) गैसीय रासायनिक साम्य पर ⅰ) स्थिर आयतन ii) स्थिर दाब की अवस्थाओं में अक्रिय गैसको मिलाए जाने के प्रभावों की व्याख्या कीजिए।

(3) (ख)(i) 298 K परसोडियम‌मेट के 0.1 M जलीय विलयन का pH मान परिकलित कीजिए। (दिया है: K_a (HCOOH) =1.7 x 10^-4at 298 K)

(ii) विलेयता गुणनफल स्थिरांक को परिभाषित कीजिए तथा S mol dm^-3 वलेयता वाले M₂A₃ प्रकार के अल्प विलेय लवण के लिए विलेयता गुणनफल स्थिरांक का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए।

भाग खः अभिलक्षकीय समूह कार्बनिक रसायन- ।

6.क) 1,3, 5-साइक्लोहेप्टाट्राइईन धनायन और 1,3, 5-साइक्लोहेप्टाट्राइईन में 6 $pi$ इलेक्ट्रॉन होते हैं। इनके ऐटोमेटिक व्यवहार पर टिप्पणी कीजिए।

ख)बेन्जीन के हैलोजनीकरण और ऐल्किलीकरण अभिक्रियाओं में लूइस अम्ल की भूमिका की व्याख्या कीजिए। र्फोडेल क्राफ्ट्स ऐल्किलीकरण की परिसीमाओं को लिखिए।

7.क)नाइट्रो समूह मेटा निर्देशात्मक होता है। समझाइए।

ख)डाइएथिल ईथर और ऐनिसोल की HI से अभिक्रिया से प्राप्त अंतिम उत्पाद क्या होंगे? दोनों अभिक्रियाओं की क्रियाविधि लिखिए।

8. क) ऐल्डॉल संघनन क्या होता है? क्रियाविधि लिखिए।

ख) निम्नलिखित को SN₂ अभिक्रिया के प्रति बढ़ती क्रियाशीलता के क्रम को व्यवस्थित कीजिए। ब्रोमोमेथेन, 1- ब्रोमोप्रोपेन, 2-ब्रोमोप्रोपेन, ब्रोमो-2-मेथिलप्रोपेन के कारण दीजिए।

9.क) सैन्डमेयर अभिक्रिया

ख)राइमर-टीमान अभिक्रिया

ग) मानिश अभिक्रिया

घ) विल्जेरॉट अभिक्रिया

ङ) नोवेनेज़ेल अभिक्रिया

10. क) पिनेकॉल-पिनेकोलोन अभिक्रिया की क्रियाविधि लिखिए।

ख) फीनॉल वलय में फोर्मिल समूह का समावेश कैसे करेंगे?

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Course Name	Bachelor of Science (Biochemistry)
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Subject Code	BCHCT 133
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