The formulation of a research problem is the most crucial step in the research process because it determines the direction, scope, and quality of the entire study. A well-formulated research problem provides clarity about what the researcher intends to investigate, why the investigation is necessary, and how the research objectives can be achieved. It transforms a broad area of interest into a specific, focused, and researchable issue that can be examined systematically using scientific methods. A research problem refers to a difficulty, gap in knowledge, contradiction, or unexplored phenomenon that requires investigation. It arises when existing knowledge is inadequate to explain a situation or when practical issues demand evidence-based solutions. The formulation of a research problem involves identifying this issue clearly, defining its boundaries, and expressing it in precise terms. The process of formulating a research problem generally begins with the selection of a broad area of interest based on the researcher's academic background, professional experience, or societal needs. The researcher then conducts an extensive review of literature to understand previous studies, identify