Cyanophyta, commonly known as blue-green algae, are a group of photosynthetic organisms that belong to the kingdom Monera, now classified under the domain Bacteria. They are primarily aquatic organisms that can be found in a wide range of environments, from freshwater to marine, as well as in moist terrestrial habitats. Some species are even able to thrive in extreme conditions, such as hot springs or polar regions. Cyanophyta play an important role in ecosystems due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and contribute to primary productivity. Cyanophyta exhibit diverse forms of occurrence, ranging from unicellular to colonial and filamentous types. Unicellular forms are free-living and exist as isolated cells or aggregates. The colonial forms, such as *Microcystis* and *Anabaena*, form clusters of cells held together by mucilaginous sheaths. Filamentous cyanophytes consist of long chains of cells that may be unbranched or branched, such as *Oscillatoria* and *Spirulina*. Some species, like *Anabaena*, can also form heterocyst cells that specialize in nitrogen fixation, an essential process for their survival in nitrogen-deficient environments. These organisms are typically found in nutrient-rich environments such as ponds, lakes, and oceans, where they can form dense algal blooms under favorable conditions. The morphology of cyanophytes is characterized by the lack of membrane-bound organelles, such as a defined nucleus or chloroplasts, which distinguishes them from eukaryotic algae. Their cellular structure is simple yet highly functional. The cell wall of cyanophytes