IGNOU MCH 11 2026 2027 - With the help of suitable diagram explain the Tolman cone angle in pho

Question

With the help of suitable diagram explain the Tolman cone angle in phosphines.

05 Aug 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 434

The Tolman cone angle is a steric parameter used to describe the spatial requirements of phosphine ligands (PR₃) in coordination and organometallic chemistry. It was introduced by Chadwick A. Tolman to compare the steric bulk of different phosphines. The cone angle is defined as the apex angle of an imaginary cone formed by the van der Waals surfaces of the substituents attached to phosphorus when the phosphine ligand is viewed along the metal–phosphorus (M–P) bond. A simple representation is: ```text R / \ / \ / \ / \ P---------R \ / \ / \ / \ / M M–P

_________ _____ _________ ____ __________.
________ _________ __________ _______ ______ ____ _____ ___.
______ ______ ________ ____ ______ __________.
__________ ___ _________ ______ ______ __________ ___.
_____ _____ _______ _____ _____ ___ __________ __________ ____ ________.
________ ________ _______ _________ ________ ______ ________ ________ ______ _____.
______ ______ ___ _______ _________.
____ ___ _____ ______ ______ ________ __________.
________ ______ _____ ____ ______ _____ ___ ______ _________ _____.
____ _________ ___ _____ _____ ________ __________ ________ ___ ___ _________.
_________ ___ __________ __________ ____ _________ ___ __________ ________ ____ _____ _____.
__________ _________ ______ _______ ____ _______ ____ _____ _________.
______ ______ _________ ________ ________ ____ _______ ___ _________.
__________ _____ __________ _______ __________ _______ __________ __________ ___ ________ __________ _______.
_______ _________ _________ _______ ______ ____ _____ _____ ______.
__________ _______ _____ ________ ___ _________.
_____ ________ _____ ___ ______.
_________ ____ __________ ________ ________ ______ _________ ______.
___ ___ _____ _______ _____.
________ ___ ___ ____ _________ ____ _____ _______ ____ __________.
____ ____ ________ ____ __________ ____.
_____ _______ ____ ________ ___.
________ ____ _____ ______ ____ _____.
___ ___ __________ ________ _____ ______ ________ _________ ______.
__________ ____ __________ _____ ______ _____ _____ _____ __________ _______.
___ __________ __________ ___ ________ ____ _______ _______.
____ ___ _____ ______ ___ __________ ____ ___ _________ ________ ______.
____ ______ __________ ________ ________ _________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _________ _________.
________ __________ _________ ___ _________ _____ ________ ___ ______ __________ ___.
____ ____ ___ ______ __________ ________.
___ _______ _____ ______ __________ _________ _______ ________.
____ ____ ________ _______ _____ __________ ___ _________ __________ __________.
_____ __________ ____ ___ _________ ____ _________.
______ _______ _________ _________ _____ ___ _________.
_____ ____ ______ ________ __________ _______ _____ ________ ___ __________ ___.
________ ___ _____ ____ __________ __________ ___ ___ _______ ____.
______ ________ _____ __________ _______ ________ _________ _______ ____ _______ ___.
_____ _________ __________ __________ _______ _________ ___ _______ ________ ____.
_______ ____ _____ _____ ____ _______ __________ __________ ___.
____ ______ _________.

IGNOU ACADEMY

Your IGNOU journey, made easier.

Solved Assignments
Study Notes
Guess Papers
Question Papers

Call Us WhatsApp

STUDY • PREPARE • SUCCEED

Skip in 10